Apparatus and method for providing mobile edge computing services in wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

The disclosure relates to a 5th generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4th generation (4G) system, such as long-term evolution (LTE). The disclosure relates to authentication and authorization for edge computing applications, and an operation method of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. The method may include transmitting, to a server, a first message including at least one of information related to the UE or a type of user agent, performing an authentication procedure for an edge computing service according to an authentication method determined based on the first message, receiving a second message indicating authority granted to the edge computing service, based on an authentication code generated by the server according to the performed authentication procedure, and using the edge computing service in a range corresponding to the granted authority.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) of a Korean patent application number 10-2020-0043419, filed onApr. 9, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, a Koreanpatent application number 10-2020-0052917, filed on Apr. 29, 2020, inthe Korean Intellectual Property Office, and under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) ofa U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 62/845,426, filed on May 9,2019, in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the disclosures of eachof which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

The disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Moreparticularly, the disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method forproviding mobile edge computing (MEC) services in a wirelesscommunication system.

2. Description of Related Art

To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased sincedeployment of 4^(th) generation (4G) communication systems, efforts havebeen made to develop an improved 5th generation (5G) or pre-5Gcommunication system. Therefore, the 5G or pre-5G communication systemis also called a ‘Beyond 4G Network’ or a ‘Post Long Term Evolution(LTE) System’.

The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in higherfrequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 60 GHz bands, so as to accomplish higherdata rates. To decrease propagation loss of the radio waves and increasethe transmission distance, the beamforming, massive multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna,an analog beam forming, large scale antenna techniques are discussed in5G communication systems.

In addition, in 5G communication systems, development for system networkimprovement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud RadioAccess Networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D)communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperativecommunication, Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), reception-endinterference cancellation and the like. In the 5G system, Hybridfrequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (FQAM)and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) as an advanced codingmodulation (ACM), and filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonalmultiple access (NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as anadvanced access technology have been developed.

Meanwhile, technologies for providing edge computing services inconnection with 5G systems are emerging. “Edge computing” is atechnology that provides computing resources to users at a physicallyclose distance. In particular, mobile edge computing is edge computingrealized in a mobile environment such as 5G systems, and is expected toprovide more powerful computing power with a low latency.

The above information is described as background information only toassist with an understanding of the disclosure. No determination hasbeen made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the abovemight be applicable as prior art with regard to the disclosure.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the disclosure are to address at least the above-mentionedproblems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantagesdescribed below. Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosure is to providean apparatus and a method for providing mobile edge computing (MEC)services in a wireless communication system.

Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide an apparatus and a methodfor performing an authentication procedure for granting authorizationfor mobile edge computing services in a wireless communication system.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may belearned by practice of the presented embodiments.

In addition, the disclosure provides an apparatus and a method fordetermining an authentication method for authorization for mobile edgecomputing services in a wireless communication system.

Further, the disclosure provides an apparatus and a method fordetermining whether or not to grant authorization for mobile edgecomputing services in a wireless communication system

In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, an operation method of auser equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is provided. Themethod includes transmitting, to a server, a first message including atleast one of information related to the UE or a type of user agent,performing an authentication procedure for an edge computing serviceaccording to an authentication method determined based on the firstmessage, receiving a second message indicating authority granted to theedge computing service, based on an authentication code generated by theserver according to the performed authentication procedure, and usingthe edge computing service in the range corresponding to the grantedauthority.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a UE device in awireless communication system is provided. The device includes atransceiver, and at least one processor connected to the transceiver,wherein the at least one processor may be configured to: transmit, to aserver, a first message including at least one of information related tothe UE or the type of user agent, perform an authentication procedurefor an edge computing service according to an authentication methoddetermined based on the first message, receive a second messageindicating authority granted to the edge computing service, based on anauthentication code generated by the server according to the performedauthentication procedure, and use the edge computing service in therange corresponding to the granted authority.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, an operation methodof a server for authorization for an edge computing service is provided.The method includes receiving, from a UE, a first message including atleast one of information related to the UE or the type of user agent,performing an authentication procedure according to an authenticationmethod determined based on the first message, transmitting, to the UE,an authentication code generated according to the performedauthentication procedure, and transmitting a second message indicatingauthority granted to the edge computing service, based on theauthentication code, wherein the edge computing service may be used bythe UE in the range corresponding to the granted authority.

In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a server device forauthorization for an edge computing application in a wirelesscommunication system is provided. The device includes a transceiver, andat least one processor connected to the transceiver, wherein the atleast one processor may be configured to: receive, from a UE, a firstmessage including at least one of information related to the UE or thetype of user agent, perform an authentication procedure according to anauthentication method determined based on the first message, transmit,to the UE, an authentication code generated according to the performedauthentication procedure, and transmit a second message indicatingauthority granted to the edge computing service, based on theauthentication code, wherein the edge computing service may be used bythe UE in the range corresponding to the granted authority.

The apparatus and the method according to various embodiments arecapable of providing differentiated edge computing services torespective mobile communication subscribers without additionalsubscriber information for the edge computing services. In addition, theapparatus and the method according to various embodiments enable anefficient authentication procedure to be performed using a more suitableauthentication method.

Effects obtainable from the disclosure may not be limited to the abovementioned effects, and other effects which are not mentioned may beclearly understood, through the following descriptions, by those skilledin the art to which the disclosure pertains.

Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the disclosure willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detaileddescription, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings,discloses various embodiments of the disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certainembodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the followingdescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of providing mobile edge computing (MEC)services in a wireless communication system according to an embodimentof the disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates a structure for authentication and authorization foran edge application in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates the configuration of a terminal in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates the configuration of a server in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a user equipment (UE) for performingan authentication procedure for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an application authentication andauthorization function (AAF) for performing an authentication procedurefor an edge application in a wireless communication system according toan embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 8A illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 8B illustrates another signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a UE for determining an authenticationmethod for an edge application in a wireless communication systemaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an AAF for determining anauthentication method for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure based on a USIM credential in a wirelesscommunication system according to various embodiments;

FIG. 12 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure based on a user portal in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a user portal screen for performing anauthentication procedure based on a user portal in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure based on an automatically generated credentialin a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of thedisclosure;

FIG. 15 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure based on an OTP in a wireless communicationsystem according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 16 illustrates a signal exchange diagram in the case wheregeneration of an access token is successful in a wireless communicationsystem according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 17 illustrates a signal exchange diagram in the case wheregeneration of an access token fails in a wireless communication systemaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a UE for granting authorization foran edge application in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart of an AAF for granting authorization foran edge application in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart of an application function (AF) forgranting authorization for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 21 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for granting authorizationfor an edge application in a wireless communication system according toan embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 22 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for acquiring user consentto utilization of personal information in a wireless communicationsystem according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 23 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for utilizing personalinformation in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 24 illustrates a network structure in which a structure forauthentication and authorization for an edge application is mapped to anedge computing structure in a wireless communication system according toan embodiment of the disclosure; and

FIG. 25 illustrates a process of determining an authentication method bya terminal and an AAF in the case where a plurality of authenticationmethods are provided in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

Throughout the drawings, like reference numerals will be understood torefer to like parts, components, and structures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings isprovided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of variousembodiments of the disclosure as defined by the claims and theirequivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in thatunderstanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary.Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize thatvarious changes and modifications of the various embodiments describedherein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of thedisclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions andconstructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.

The terms and words used in the following description and claims are notlimited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by theinventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of thedisclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in theart that the following description of various embodiments of thedisclosure is provided for illustration purpose only and not for thepurpose of limiting the disclosure as defined by the appended claims andtheir equivalents.

It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the”include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.Thus, for example, reference to “a component surface” includes referenceto one or more of such surfaces.

Hereinafter, the disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method forproviding mobile edge computing (MEC) services in a wirelesscommunication system. Specifically, the disclosure describes a techniquefor providing different edge computing services to respectivesubscribers through an authentication procedure according to anauthentication method determined based on a variety of information andan authorization procedure for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system.

In the following description, terms referring to signals, termsreferring to channels, terms referring to control information, termsreferring to network entities, terms referring to data stored in networkentities, terms referring to messages exchanged between entities, termsreferring to device elements, and the like are illustratively used forthe sake of convenience. Therefore, the disclosure is not limited by theterms as used below, and other terms referring to subjects havingequivalent technical meanings may be used.

Further, various embodiments of the disclosure will be described usingterms and names defined in some communication standards (e.g., 3rdgeneration partnership project (3GPP) standards) by way of example.However, various embodiments of the disclosure may be applied to othercommunication systems through modifications that are easily made.

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure. The wireless communication systemillustrated in FIG. 1 includes an edge computing system 100 and a 5Gsystem 140.

Referring to FIG. 1, the edge computing system may include edge servers102 and 106, a user equipment (UE) 104, a configuration server 108, anda domain name system (DNS) server 110.

Each of the edge servers 102 and 106 is a server that the UE 104accesses in order to use mobile edge computing (MEC) services. Athird-party application server provided by a third party may be drivenin each of the edge servers 102 and 106.

The configuration server 108 is an initial access server for providingthe UE 104 with configuration information for using the MEC services.The configuration server 108 may perform a function of transmittingconfiguration information for using the MEC services to the UE 104. Theconfiguration server 108 is aware of deployment of the edge servers 102and 106. Accordingly, the UE 104 may access the configuration server 108before using MEC services, thereby acquiring configuration informationnecessary for the MEC services, for example, information on the edgeservers 102 and 106 that the UE 104 must access at a specific location.

The DNS server 110 may be used to resolve Internet protocol (IP)addresses of the edge servers 102 and 106 or resolve IP addresses ofapplication servers that are operated in the upper layers of the edgeservers 102 and 106. That is, the DNS server 110 may be a networkfunction that is aware of information on the edge servers 102 and 106 orinformation on the application servers that are driven in the upperlayers of the edge servers 102 and 106. The DNS server 110 may beprovided to each edge data network 120 that covers a specific area, or asingle DNS server 110 may be provided to the entire edge computingsystem. In the case where the DNS server 110 for MEC is provided to eachedge data network 120 that covers a specific area, the UE 104 isrequired to recognize information on the DNS for the correspondinglocation. In the case where a single DNS server 110 is provided to theentire edge computing system, the DNS server 110 is required torecognize information on the edge servers 102 and 106 disposed in theentire network and information on the application servers provided bythe edge computing system, and the corresponding information may beprovided to the DNS server 110 by the edge servers 102 and 106.

The UE 104 is a device used by a user and performs communication with a5G-RAN 142 through a wireless channel In some cases, the UE 104 may beoperated without the intervention of a user. That is, the UE 104 may bea device that performs machine-type communication (MTC), and may not beheld by the user. UE 104 may be referred to as “terminal”, “mobilestation”, “subscriber station”, “remote terminal”, “wireless terminal”,“user device”, or another term having a technical meaning equivalentthereto, as well as “UE”.

In addition, the 5G system may include a 5G-radio access network (RAN)142, a user plane function (UPF) 144, an access and mobility managementfunction (AMF) 146, a session management function (SMF) 148, a policyand charging function (PCF) 150, and a network exposure function (NEF)152. The AMF 146 is a network function of managing the mobility of theUE 104. The SMF 148 is a network function of managing a packet datanetwork (PDN) connection provided to the UE. The connection may bereferred to as a “protocol data unit (PDU) session”. The PCF 150 is anetwork function of applying a service policy, a charging policy, and apolicy for the PDU session of a mobile communication service providerwith respect to the UE. The NEF 152 is able to access information formanaging the UE in the 5G network, thereby performing subscribing to amobility management event of the corresponding UE, subscribing to asession management event of the corresponding UE, requestingsession-related information, configuring charging information of thecorresponding UE, making a request for changing a PDU session policy forthe corresponding terminal, and transmitting small data for thecorresponding UE. The SG-RAN 142 refers to a base station that providesa wireless communication function to the UE. The UPF 144 may play therole of a gateway for transmitting packets transmitted and received bythe UE. Since the UPF 144 may be located near the edge server 106 inorder to support MEC services, the UPF 144 may transmit data packets tothe edge data network 120, thereby attaining low-latency transmission.The UPF 144 may also be connected to the data network 130 leading to theInternet. Accordingly, the UPF 144 may route the data to be transmittedto the Internet, among the data transmitted by the UE, to the datanetwork 130. In addition, although not illustrated in FIG. 1, the 5Gsystem may further include a unified data management (UDM). The UDMrefers to a network function of storing information on the subscribers.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of providing mobile edge computingservices in a wireless communication system according to an embodimentof the disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, an example wireless communication includes UDM 202,EF 204, internet 206, UPF 208, EF 210, UPF 212, UE 214, UE 216, a firstcloud application 222, a second cloud application 224, a first edgeapplication 232, and a second edge application 234.

Referring to FIG. 2, a UE 214 and a UE 216 may be located in an edgenetwork service area capable of providing edge computing servicesthrough an edge data network. In this case, a mobile communicationservice provider may provide different services to respective UEs. Thatis, the mobile communication service provider may differentiate servicecontents such as whether or not to provide edge computing services,based on at least one of information related to subscribers or a serviceprovider policy. An example of differentiating edge computing servicesis shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Whether or not to provide edge Edge UEs computing servicesapplication Location UE 1 o APP 1, APP 2 Entire area UE 2 o APP 1 Entirearea UE 3 o APP 2 East area UE 4 x — —

Referring to Table 1, the service provider may determine to provide edgecomputing services to UE 1, UE 2, and UE 3 and to not provide edgecomputing services to UE 4. In addition, the service provider may permitUE 1 to use edge applications APP 1 and APP 2 over the entire edgenetwork service area, may permit UE 2 to use edge application APP 1 overthe entire edge network service area, and may permit UE 3 to use edgeapplication APP 2 in the east area of the edge network service area. Onthe other hand, the service provider may determine not to allow UE 4 touse edge computing services. That is, the service provider may providedifferentiated services as to the type of edge computing serviceprovided and service providing areas, as well as whether or not toprovide edge computing services. For example, if the UE 216 correspondsto UE 1, the UE 216 may be provided with services capable of using edgeapplications APP 1 and APP 2 over the entire edge network service area.In this case, the UE 216 may use at least one of a first edgeapplication and a second edge application provided using an enablingfunction (EF) 210 through the edge data network. Meanwhile, if the UE216 corresponds to UE 4, the UE 216 is unable to use edge computingservices. Thus, the UE 214 may use at least one of a first cloudapplication and a second cloud application through the Internet 206.

The EF 204 or 210 described above may perform, as a function of enablingMEC services for the edge application servers, a function of managinginformation on the edge application servers. In addition, the EF 204 or210 may perform a function of notifying the UE of information on theedge data network in which the edge application is running and a fullyqualified domain name (FQDN) or an IP address necessary for transmittingdata to the corresponding edge application server.

FIG. 3 illustrates a structure for authentication and authorization foran edge application in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, the structure for authentication and authorizationincludes a UE 310, an application authentication and authorizationfunction (AAF) 320, an application function (AF) 330, a UDM 340, anauthentication server function (AUSF) 350, and an application profilerecord (APR) 360.

The UE 310 may include a user agent 312 and an application 314. In thiscase, the application 314 is a separate application from the edgeapplication, and UE 310 may perform an authentication procedure for theapplication layer using the user agent 312 and the application 314.

The AAF 320 may include an authorization endpoint 322, an applicationsecurity anchor function (ASAF) 324, a portal 326, and a token endpoint328. The AAF 320 may receive messages, which are transmitted to theauthorization endpoint 322, for the UE to perform an authenticationprocedure for using edge computing services, and may perform theauthentication procedure. In this case, the authorization endpoint 322may be an authorization endpoint of request for comments (RFC) 8252. Inaddition, after the authentication procedure is completed, the AAF 320may receive messages transmitted from the UE to the token endpoint 328,and may perform a procedure for authorization for edge computingservices. In this case, the token endpoint 328 may be a token endpointof RFC 8252. In addition, in the case where the authentication procedureis performed according to an authentication method based on a USIMcredential, the ASAF 324 may perform a function corresponding to thesecurity-related function performed by a security anchor function (SEAF)in the application layer. In addition, if the authentication procedureis performed according to an authentication method based on a userportal, the AAF 320 may perform a function of a web portal server usingthe portal 326.

In addition, the AF 330 may perform a function of a general applicationserver for verification of a token transmitted from the UE. For example,the AF 330 may perform functions corresponding to the functions of aresource server of RFC 6750.

In addition, the UDM 340 may store information related to the user ofthe UE, thereby providing information necessary for performing anauthentication procedure and an authorization procedure between the UEand the AAF.

In addition, if authentication and key agreement (AKA) using a USIMcredential is performed, the AUSF 350 may operate as an AKAauthentication server.

In addition, the APR 360 may store information and profile related tothe application, thereby providing information on the application thatmay be required when the authentication procedure and the authorizationprocedure are performed.

The detailed operation of objects for the above-described authenticationand authorization will be described in detail below.

FIG. 4 illustrates the configuration of a terminal in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Theconfiguration shown in FIG. 4 may be understood as the configuration ofthe UE 310 in FIG. 3. The term “unit” or “-or (er)” to be used belowdenotes a unit of processing at least one function or operation, and maybe implemented as hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

Referring to FIG. 4, the UE includes a communication unit 410 (e.g., atransceiver), a storage unit 420, and a controller 430 (e.g., at leastone processor).

The communication unit 410 performs a function of transmitting andreceiving a signal through a wireless channel For example, thecommunication unit 410 performs a function of conversion between abaseband signal and a bit string according to the physical layerstandard of a system. In addition, when transmitting data, thecommunication unit 410 encodes and modulates transmission bit strings togenerate complex symbols. In addition, when receive data, thecommunication unit 410 demodulates and decodes baseband signals torecover reception bit strings. In addition, the communication unit 410up-converts a baseband signal to an RF band signal to thus transmit thesame through an antenna, and down-converts an RF band signal receivedthrough the antenna to a baseband signal. For example, the communicationunit 410 may include a transmission filter, a reception filter, anamplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, a DAC, an ADC, and the like.

In addition, the communication unit 410 may include a plurality oftransmission and reception paths. Further, the communication unit 410may include at least one antenna array including a plurality of antennaelements. In terms of hardware, the communication unit 410 may include adigital circuit and an analog circuit {e.g., radio frequency integratedcircuit (RFIC)}. In this case, the digital circuit and the analogcircuit may be implemented as a single package. In addition, thecommunication unit 410 may include a plurality of RF chains. Further,the communication unit 410 may perform beamforming.

The communication unit 410 transmits and receives signals as describedabove. Accordingly, all or some of the communication unit 410 may bereferred to as a “transmitter”, a “receiver”, or a “transceiver”. Inaddition, transmission and reception performed through a wirelesschannel herein encompass the aforementioned processes performed by thecommunication unit 410.

The storage unit 420 stores data such as fundamental programs for theoperation of the UE, application programs, configuration information,and the like. The storage unit 420 may include a volatile memory, anonvolatile memory, or a combination thereof. In addition, the storageunit 420 provides stored data at request by the controller 430.

The controller 430 controls the overall operation of the UE. Forexample, the controller 430 transmits and receives signals through thecommunication unit 410. In addition, the controller 430 records andreads data in and from the storage unit 420. In addition, the controller430 may performed functions of a protocol stack required forcommunication standards. To this end, the controller 430 may include atleast one processor or micro-processor, or may be a part of a processor.For example, a part of the communication unit 410 or the controller 430may be referred to as a “communication processor (CP)”. According tovarious embodiments, the controller 430 may perform control such thatthe UE executes operations according to various embodiments describedbelow.

FIG. 5 illustrates the configuration of a server in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Theconfiguration shown in FIG. 5 may be understood as the configuration ofa device having function of at least one of the AAF 320, the AF 330, theUDM 340, the AUSF 350, and the APR 360 shown in FIG. 3. The term “unit”or “-or (er)” to be used below denotes a unit of processing at least onefunction or operation, and may be implemented as hardware, software, ora combination thereof.

Referring to FIG. 5, the server includes a communication unit 510 (e.g.,a transceiver), a storage unit 520, and a controller 530 (e.g., at leastone processor).

The communication unit 510 provides an interface for communicating withother devices in a network. That is, the communication unit 510 convertsa bit string transmitted from the server to another device into aphysical signal, and converts a physical signal received from anotherdevice into a bit string. That is, the communication unit 510 maytransmit and receive signals. Accordingly, the communication unit 510may be referred to as a “modem”, a “transmitter”, a “receiver”, or a“transceiver”. In this case, the communication unit 510 allows theserver to communicate with other devices or systems through a backhaulconnection (for example, wired backhaul or wireless backhaul) or anetwork.

The storage unit 520 stores data such as fundamental programs for theoperation of the server, application programs, configurationinformation, and the like. The storage unit 520 may include a volatilememory, a nonvolatile memory, or a combination thereof. In addition, thestorage unit 520 provides stored data at request by the controller 530.

The controller 530 controls the overall operation of the server. Forexample, the controller 530 transmits and receives signals through thecommunication unit 510. In addition, the controller 530 records andreads data in and from the storage unit 520. To this end, the controller530 may include at least one processor. According to variousembodiments, the controller 530 may perform control such that the serverexecutes operations according to various embodiments described below.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a UE for performing an authenticationprocedure for an edge application in a wireless communication systemaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 6 illustrates anoperation method of the UE 310.

Referring to FIG. 6, in operation 601, the UE transmits anauthentication initiation message to the AAF (e.g., the AAF 320). Thatis, the UE may transmit, to the AAF, a message for initiating anauthentication procedure for acquiring authorization for an edgeapplication. According to various embodiments, the authenticationinitiation message may include information indicating the authenticationmethod to be performed between the UE and the AAF. For example, theauthentication initiation message may include at least one of a UEuser-related identifier, a UE edge enabler client (EEC) identifier, aresponse type, a redirection address {uniform resource locator (URL)},and the type of user agent. The UE user-related identifier may be asubscriber identifier such as a subscription private identity (SUPI) ora generic public subscription identity (GPSI). Here, the GPSI may beidentification information such as an email address or a mobile stationinternational subscriber directory number (MSISDN). In addition, the UEuser-related identifier may be the identifier of a UE device, such as apermanent equipment identifier (PEI). The response type refers to thetype of information or message indicating the authentication result tobe transmitted from the AAF after the authentication procedure iscompleted. For example, the response type may be at least one of anauthentication code or an access token. The redirection address is anaddress for inducing authentication for the edge application, and refersto a web address to be accessed by the UE when the authentication issuccessful. The user agent may be at least one of the identifier of abrowser or the identifier of a program for performing an authenticationprocedure.

In operation 603, the UE performs an authentication procedure accordingto a determined authentication method. Specifically, the UE may performan authentication procedure according to an authentication methoddetermined based on the information included in the authenticationinitiation message. The authentication method may include at least oneof an authentication method based on a USIM credential, anauthentication method based on a user portal, an authentication methodbased on an automatically generated credential, or an authenticationmethod based on an OTP. According to an embodiment, the AAF maydetermine at least one of the authentication methods described above byidentifying the information included in the authentication initiationmessage. According to another embodiment, after the authenticationmethod is determined by the UE, an authentication initiation messageincluding information indicating the determined authentication methodmay be transmitted to the AAF. According to various embodiments, theauthentication method may be determined by further considering a policyof a mobile communication service provider, a policy related toapplications, and the like, in addition to the UE user-relatedidentifier and the type of user agent included in the authenticationinitiation message.

In operation 605, the UE receives an authentication result from the AAF.If the authentication procedure is successfully performed according tothe determined authentication method, the UE may receive, from the AAF,a message indicating that the authentication has been successfullyperformed. For example, the UE may receive a message including anauthentication code from the AAF. In addition, the UE may receive amessage that further includes a redirection address. According tovarious embodiments, the authentication code may be issued based onauthorization profile information on the edge application for eachsubscriber. Specifically, the AAF may receive an authorization profilefor each subscriber corresponding to the information included in theauthentication initiation message from the UDM, and may generate anauthentication code, based on the authorization profile for eachsubscriber. By receiving the authentication code generated based on theauthorization profile for each subscriber, the UE may use theauthentication code in order to make a request for issue of an accesstoken. In addition, the UE may access the website indicated by theredirection address included in the message indicating theauthentication result.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an AAF for performing anauthentication procedure for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG.7 illustrates an operation method of the AAF 320.

Referring to FIG. 7, in operation 701, the AAF receives anauthentication initiation message from the UE. That is, the AAF mayreceive, from the UE, a message for initiating an authenticationprocedure in order to acquire authorization for an edge application.According to various embodiments, the authentication initiation messagemay include information indicating the authentication method to beperformed between the UE and the AAF. For example, the authenticationinitiation message may include at least one of a UE user-relatedidentifier, a response type, a redirection address, and the type of useragent. The UE user-related identifier may be a subscriber identifiersuch as an SUPI or a GPSI. Here, the GPSI may be identificationinformation such as an email address or an MSISDN. In addition, the UEuser-related identifier may be the identifier of a UE device, such as aPEI. The response type refers to the type of information or messageindicating the authentication result to be transmitted from the AAFafter the authentication procedure is completed. For example, theresponse type may be at least one of an authentication code or an accesstoken. The redirection address is an address for inducing theauthentication for the edge application, and refers to a web address tobe accessed by the UE when the authentication is successful. The useragent may be at least one of the identifier of a browser or theidentifier of a program for performing an authentication procedure.

In operation 703, the AAF performs an authentication procedure accordingto a determined authentication method. Specifically, the AAF may performan authentication procedure according to an authentication methoddetermined based on the information included in the authenticationinitiation message. The authentication method may include at least oneof an authentication method based on a USIM credential, anauthentication method based on a user portal, an authentication methodbased on an automatically generated credential, or an authenticationmethod based on an OTP. According to an embodiment, the AAF maydetermine at least one of the authentication methods described above byidentifying the information included in the authentication initiationmessage. According to another embodiment, after the authenticationmethod is determined by the UE, an authentication initiation messageincluding information indicating the determined authentication methodmay be transmitted to the AAF. According to various embodiments, theauthentication method may be determined by further considering a policyof a mobile communication service provider, a policy related toapplications, and the like, in addition to the UE user-relatedidentifier and the type of user agent included in the authenticationinitiation message.

In operation 705, the AAF transmits an authentication result to the UE.If the authentication procedure is successfully performed according tothe determined authentication method, the AAF may transmit, to the UE, amessage indicating that the authentication has been successfullyperformed. For example, the AAF may transmit a message including anauthentication code to the UE. In addition, the AAF may transmit amessage that further includes a redirection address. According tovarious embodiments, the authentication code may be issued based onauthorization profile information on the edge application for eachsubscriber. Specifically, the AAF may receive, from the UDM, anauthorization profile for each subscriber corresponding to theinformation included in the authentication initiation message, and maygenerate an authentication code, based on the authorization profile foreach subscriber. By receiving the authentication code generated based onthe authorization profile for each subscriber from the AAF, the UE mayuse the authentication code in order to make a request for issue of anaccess token. In addition, the UE may access the website indicated bythe redirection address included in the message indicating theauthentication result.

FIG. 8A illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Thesignal exchange diagram illustrated in FIG. 8A may be understood assignal flow exchanged between the UE 310, the AAF 320, and the UDM 340.

Referring to FIG. 8A, in operation 801, the UE 310 transmits anauthentication initiation message to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 mayreceive the authentication initiation message from the UE 310. That is,a message for initiating an authentication procedure for acquiringauthorization for an edge application may be transmitted from the UE 310to the AAF 320. According to various embodiments, the authenticationinitiation message may include information indicating the authenticationmethod to be performed between the UE 310 and the AAF 320. For example,the authentication initiation message may include at least one of a UEuser-related identifier, a response type, a redirection address, and thetype of user agent. The UE user-related identifier may be a subscriberidentifier such as an SUPI or a GPSI. Here, the GPSI may beidentification information such as an email address or an MSISDN. Inaddition, the UE user-related identifier may be the identifier of a UEdevice, such as a PEI. The response type refers to the type ofinformation or message indicating the authentication result to betransmitted from the AAF 320 after the authentication procedure iscompleted. For example, the response type may be at least one of anauthentication code or an access token. The redirection address is anaddress for inducing the authentication for the edge application, andrefers to a web address to be accessed by the UE 310 when theauthentication is successful. The user agent may be at least one of theidentifier of a browser or the identifier of a program for performing anauthentication procedure.

In operation 803, the AAF 320 determines an authentication method. TheAAF 320 may determine an authentication method, based on the informationincluded in the authentication initiation message received from the UE310. The AAF 320 may determine an authentication method by furtherconsidering a policy of a mobile communication service provider, apolicy related to applications, and the like, in addition to the UEuser-related identifier, the EEC identifier, and the type of user agentincluded in the authentication initiation message. According to variousembodiments, the authentication method may include at least one of anauthentication method based on a USIM credential, an authenticationmethod based on a user portal, an authentication method based on anautomatically generated credential, or an authentication method based onan OTP. The AAF 320 may identify an authentication method correspondingto the UE user-related identifier and the type of user agent, among theauthentication methods described above. Alternatively, the AAF 320 mayidentify whether or not the UE user-related identifier and the type ofuser agent correspond to at least one of the authentication methodssupported by the policy of a mobile communication service provider orthe policy related to applications, thereby determining theauthentication method. According to the policy of an edge computingservice provider or a mobile communication service provider, the AAF 320may determine non-authentication in an environment in which the terminalis safely connected to a service provider network.

In operation 805, the UE 310 and the AAF 320 perform an authenticationprocedure according to the determined authentication method. That is,the UE 310 and the AAF 320 may perform an authentication procedureaccording to the authentication method determined by the AAF 320, amongthe authentication method based on a USIM credential, the authenticationmethod based on a user portal, the authentication method based on anautomatically generated credential, or the authentication method basedon an OTP. Although not shown in FIG. 8A, signal exchanges with at leastone object, other than the UE 310, the AAF 320, and the UDM 340, may beperformed. Alternatively, if the AAF 320 determine non-authentication,the AAF 320 and the UE 310 do not perform the authentication procedure.

In operation 807, the AAF 320 transmits an authorization request messageto the UDM 340. The UDM 340 may receive the authorization requestmessage from the AAF 320. Specifically, if the authentication procedureis successfully performed, an authorization request message requestingan authorization profile for an edge application may be transmitted fromthe AAF 320 to the UDM 340. According to various embodiments, theauthorization request message may include at least one of a subscriberidentifier (e.g., SUPI, GPSI, etc.) or an identifier of a UE device(e.g., PEI), or at least one of indicators for configuring the usage ofan edge application (e.g., application usage). In this case, thesubscriber identifier and the identifier of a UE device may be acquiredfrom the information included in the authentication initiation messagereceived from the UE 310.

In operation 809, the UDM 340 transmits an authorization responsemessage to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the authorizationresponse message from the UDM 340. Specifically, the UDM 340 mayidentify information related to a UE user, based on the informationincluded in the authorization request message received from the UDM 340,and an authorization response message including an authorization profilecorresponding to the identified subscriber may be transmitted from theUDM 340 to the AAF 320. According to various embodiments, theauthorization profile may include at least one of information on whetheror not to permit the requested edge computing service to the UE 310,information on whether or not the user of the UE 310 has subscribed tothe requested edge computing service, an edge computing service profileidentifier, an edge computing service profile index, subscriber categoryinformation, and a subscriber level. The edge computing service profileidentifier and the edge computing service profile index denote theidentifier indicating negotiation information determined through a prioragreement between a mobile communication service provider and an edgeapplication service provider. In addition, the subscriber categoryrepresents the class or category information (e.g., class A or class B)of the subscriber managed by the mobile communication service provider.In addition, the subscriber level denotes the priority given to acorresponding subscriber, information for providing differentiated edgecomputing services, or information on the class of each subscriber(e.g., level 1 or level 2). That is, the UDM 340 may retrieveinformation such as the subscriber class corresponding to the identifierrelated to the UE 310 that requested authentication, information on therequested edge computing service, and information on the relationshipbetween the user of the UE 310 and a corresponding edge application, andmay provide the retrieved information to the AAF 320 using theauthorization response message.

In operation 811, the AAF 320 generates an authentication result. If theAAF 320 determines non-authentication and permits the access of the UE310 or an edge enabler client (EEC) in the UE, a successfulauthentication result may be generated. The AAF 320 may generate anauthentication result, based on the authorization response messagereceived from the UDM 340. That is, the AAF 320 may determine whether ornot to generate an authentication code, based on the authorizationresponse message received from the UDM 340. Specifically, the AAF 320may not generate the authentication code if the AAF 320 identifiesinformation indicating that the requested edge computing service is notpermitted, based on the authorization profile included in theauthorization response message. In addition, the AAF 320 may generate anauthentication code if the AAF 320 identifies information indicatingthat the requested edge computing service is permitted.

In operation 813, the AAF 320 transmits the authentication result to theUE 310. The UE 310 may receive the authentication result from the AAF320. According to various embodiments, if the authentication code isgenerated, the AAF 320 may transmit, to the UE 310, a message indicatingthat the authentication has been successfully performed. That is, theAAF 320 may transmit a message including the authentication code to theUE 310. In addition, the AAF 320 may transmit a message that furtherincludes a redirection address. By receiving the authentication codegenerated based on the authorization profile for each subscriber fromthe AAF 320, the UE 310 may use the authentication code in order torequest the issue of an access token. In addition, the UE 310 may accessthe website indicated by the redirection address included in the messageindicating the authentication result. According to various embodiments,if the authentication code is not generated, the AAF 320 may transmit,to the UE 310, a message indicating that the authentication has failed.

FIG. 8B illustrates another signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Thesignal exchange diagram illustrated in FIG. 8B may be understood assignal flow exchanged between the UE 310, the AAF 320, and the UDM 340.

Referring to FIG. 8B, in operation 851, the UE 310 determines anauthentication method. The UE 310 may determine an authentication methodin advance before initiating an authorization procedure. Specifically,the UE 310 may determine an authentication method, based on a user inputor the pre-acquired policy of a service provider, and may identify theUE user-related identifier, the EEC identifier, and the type of useragent corresponding to the determined authentication method. Accordingto various embodiments, the authentication method may include at leastone of an authentication method based on a USIM credential, anauthentication method based on a user portal, an authentication methodbased on an automatically generated credential, or an authenticationmethod based on an OTP. That is, the UE 310 may determine theauthentication method corresponding to a user input or theauthentication method supported by the policy of a service provider fromamong the authentication methods described above, and may identify theidentifier and the type of user agent used in the authenticationprocedure according to the determined authentication method.

In operation 853, the UE 310 transmits an authentication initiationmessage to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the authenticationinitiation message from the UE 310. That is, a message for initiating anauthentication procedure for acquiring authorization for an edgeapplication may be transmitted from the UE 310 to the AAF 320. Accordingto various embodiments, the authentication initiation message mayinclude information indicating the authentication method to be performedbetween the UE 310 and the AAF 320. For example, the authenticationinitiation message may include at least one of a UE user-relatedidentifier, an EEC identifier, a response type, a redirection address,and the type of user agent. The UE user-related identifier may be asubscriber identifier such as an SUPI or a GPSI. Here, the GPSI may beidentification information such as an email address or an MSISDN. Inaddition, the UE user-related identifier may be the identifier of a UEdevice, such as a PEI. The response type refers to the type ofinformation or message indicating the authentication result to betransmitted from the AAF 320 after the authentication procedure iscompleted. For example, the response type may be at least one of anauthentication code or an access token. The redirection address is anaddress for inducing the authentication for the edge application, andrefers to a web address to be accessed by the UE 310 when theauthentication is successful. The user agent may be at least one of theidentifier of a browser or the identifier of a program for performing anauthentication procedure.

In operation 855, the UE 310 and the AAF 320 perform an authenticationprocedure according to the determined authentication method. That is,the UE 310 and the AAF 320 may perform an authentication procedureaccording to the authentication method determined by the AAF 320, amongthe authentication method based on a USIM credential, the authenticationmethod based on a user portal, the authentication method based on anautomatically generated credential, or the authentication method basedon an OTP. Although not shown in FIG. 8B, signal exchanges with at leastone object, other than the UE 310, the AAF 320, and the UDM 340, may beperformed according to the determined authentication method.

In operation 857, the AAF 320 transmits an authorization request messageto the UDM 340. The UDM 340 may receive the authorization requestmessage from the AAF 320. Specifically, if the authentication procedureis successfully performed, an authorization request message forrequesting an authorization profile for an edge application may betransmitted from the AAF 320 to the UDM 340. According to variousembodiments, the authorization request message may include at least oneof a subscriber identifier (e.g., SUPI, GPSI, etc.), an EEC identifier,an identifier of a UE device (e.g., PEI), or an indicator forconfiguring the usage of an edge application (e.g., application usage).In this case, the subscriber identifier, the EEC identifier, and theidentifier of a UE device may be acquired from the information includedin the authentication initiation message received from the UE 310.

In operation 859, the UDM 340 transmits an authorization responsemessage to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the authorizationresponse message from the UDM 340. Specifically, the UDM 340 mayidentify information related to a UE user, based on the informationincluded in the authorization request message received from the UDM 340,and an authorization response message including an authorization profilecorresponding to the identified subscriber may be transmitted from theUDM 340 to the AAF 320. According to various embodiments, theauthorization profile may include at least one of information on whetheror not to permit the requested edge computing service to the UE 310,information on whether or not the user of the UE 310 has subscribed tothe requested edge computing service, an edge computing service profileidentifier, an allowable EEC identifier, an edge computing serviceprofile index, subscriber category information, and a subscriber level.The edge computing service profile identifier and the edge computingservice profile index denote the identifier indicating negotiationinformation determined through the prior agreement between a mobilecommunication service provider and an edge application service provider.In addition, the subscriber category represents the class or categoryinformation (e.g., class A or class B) of the subscriber managed by themobile communication service provider. In addition, the subscriber leveldenotes the priority given to a corresponding subscriber, informationfor providing differentiated edge computing services, or information onthe class of each subscriber (e.g., level 1 or level 2). That is, theUDM 340 may retrieve information such as the subscriber classcorresponding to the identifier or the EEC identifier related to the UE310 that requested the authentication, information on the requested edgecomputing service, and information on the relationship between the userof the UE 310 and a corresponding edge application, and may provide theretrieved information to the AAF 320 using the authorization responsemessage.

In operation 861, the AAF 320 generates an authentication result. TheAAF 320 may generate an authentication result, based on theauthorization response message received from the UDM 340. That is, theAAF 320 may determine whether or not to generate an authentication code,based on the authorization response message received from the UDM 340.Specifically, the AAF 320 may not generate the authentication code ifthe AAF 320 identifies information indicating that the requested edgecomputing service is not permitted, based on the authorization profileincluded in the authorization response message. In addition, the AAF 320may generate an authentication code if the AAF 320 identifiesinformation indicating that the requested edge computing service ispermitted.

In operation 863, the AAF 320 transmits an authentication result to theUE 310. The UE 310 may receive the authentication result from the AAF320. According to various embodiments, if the authentication code isgenerated, the AAF 320 may transmit, to the UE 310, a message indicatingthat the authentication has been successfully performed. That is, theAAF 320 may transmit a message including the authentication code to theUE 310. In addition, the AAF 320 may transmit a message that furtherincludes a redirection address. By receiving the authentication codegenerated based on the authorization profile for each subscriber fromthe AAF 320, the UE 310 may use the authentication code to request theissue of an access token. In addition, the UE 310 may access the websiteindicated by the redirection address included in the message indicatingthe authentication result. According to various embodiments, if theauthentication code is not generated, the AAF 320 may transmit, to theUE 310, a message indicating that the authentication has failed.

FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a UE for determining an authenticationmethod for an edge application in a wireless communication systemaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates anoperation method of the UE 310.

Referring to FIG. 9, in operation 901, the UE receives a policy for anauthentication method. The UE may predetermine the authentication methodbefore initiating the authentication procedure. That is, the UE maydetermine the authentication method in consideration of the policy of aservice provider that includes information on the authentication methodconfigured by the service provider. The information on theauthentication method described above may be transmitted to the UEthrough any of various paths. For example, the UE may acquire, from aseparate configuration server, information on the authentication methodconfigured by a service provider through an application layer using auser plane. For example, the UE may acquire information on theauthentication method configured by a service provider through anon-access stratum (NAS) message from a 5G system. The information onthe authentication method configured by a service provider, which may bepre-stored in the UE, may include at least one of the type ofauthentication credential information, an authentication domain of aservice provider, and an authentication method. The type ofauthentication credential information may include at least one of anSUPI, a subscription concealed identifier (SUCI), a GPSI including anMSISDN, an EEC identifier, or an indicator indicating the type ofidentification (ID) of the application layer managed by a serviceprovider. In addition, the authentication domain of a service providermay include at least one of an identifier of a service provider, adomain name of a service provider, a mobile network code (MNC) of aservice provider, or mobile country code (MCC) information of a serviceprovider. In addition, the authentication method may include at leastone of an authentication method based on a USIM credential, anauthentication method based on a user portal, an authentication methodbased on an automatically generated credential, an authentication methodbased on an OTP, an authentication method using a general bootstrappingarchitecture (GBA), and an authentication method using a certificate ofauthentication stored in the UE.

In operation 903, the UE determines the authentication method, based onat least one of a received policy or a user input. That is, the UE maydetermine the authentication method, based on at least one of a receivedpolicy or a user input, and may identify the UE user-related identifier,the EEC identifier, and the type of user agent corresponding to thedetermined authentication method. The UE may transmit an authenticationinitiation message including the UE user-related identifier and the typeof user agent, which are identified, to the AAF, thereby performing theauthentication procedure according to the determined authenticationmethod. The policy of a service provider may include information on aplurality of authentication methods supported by the service provider,and the UE may determine at least one of the plurality of authenticationmethods. For example, if a plurality of authentication methods isidentified from the received policy, the UE may determine theauthentication method corresponding to a user input, among the pluralityof authentication methods. For example, the UE may determine theauthentication method according to the priority configured for therespective authentication methods identified from the received policy.According to various embodiments, the UE user-related identifier mayinclude at least one of an SUPI, an SUCI, an MSISDN, a separate useridentifier used by a service provider to manage the subscribers, or anidentifier of a UE device (e.g., PEI). Alternatively, the UEuser-related identifier may be an edge enabler client (EEC) identifierof the UE. For example, if the authentication method configured by aservice provider is the authentication method based on a USIMcredential, the UE may transmit, to the AAF, as a UE user-relatedidentifier, at least one of an SUPI or an SUCI, or an authenticationinitiation message including a GPSI related to the SUPI or the SUCI. Inaddition, the UE may transmit, to the AAF, an authentication initiationmessage including an identifier for identifying whether the type of useragent corresponds to a web browser for implementing the authenticationmethod based on a USIM credential or a separate user agent. In thiscase, a separate user agent specified by a service provider or developedby a manufacturer of the UE device may be used.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an AAF for determining anauthentication method for an edge application in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG.10 illustrates an operation method of the AAF 320.

Referring to FIG. 10, in operation 1001, the AAF identifies informationincluded in the authentication initiation message. Specifically, the AAFmay identify the format of a UE user-related identifier or an edgeenabler client identifier (EEC ID) included in the authenticationinitiation message. For example, if the UE user-related identifier is aGPSI, the AAF may determine an authentication method, based on theusername and the domain name included in the identifier. For example, ifthe UE user-related identifier is an MSISDN, the AAF may identify a homenetwork for performing the authentication procedure and an AUSFcorresponding to the home network, based on the identified MSISDN. Forexample, if the UE user-related identifier is a PEI, the AAF maydetermine the authentication method by identifying the information onthe UE device.

In operation 1003, the AAF determines the authentication method, basedon at least one of the identified information or policy. The AAF maydetermine the authentication method, based on the information identifiedfrom the authentication initiation message. In an embodiment, if the UEuser-related identifier is a GPSI, the AAF may select differentauthentication methods depending on the formats of usernames and domainnames Alternatively, the AAF may select different authentication methodsusing EEC identifiers. That is, if the identifier has a format of anetwork access identifier (NAI), the identifier may be configured as aformat such as “username@domainname”, and the AAF may select differentauthentication methods according to the formats of respective parts“username” and “domainname”. For example, in the case where the domainname has a format “5gc.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.3gppnetwork.org”, the usernamemay include a value of an international mobile subscriber identity(IMSI) or an SUCI. In this case, the AAF may identify a home network andan AUSF corresponding to the home network for performing theauthentication procedure from the MNC and the MCC, based on the domainname, and may select an AUSF group, based on the SUCI included in theuser name Accordingly, the AAF may select an authentication method basedon a USIM credential, which is a method using a hypertext transferprotocol (HTTP) in order to perform the authentication procedure. Inanother example, in the case where the domain name has a format such as“operator.com”, the user name may include a separate UE subscriptionidentifier registered in a portal server operated by a service provideror a 3^(rd) party service provider. In this case, if the separate UEsubscription identifier is supported by the AAF, and if the type of useragent included in the authentication initiation message is identified asa web browser, the AAF may select the authentication method based on auser portal in order to perform the authentication procedure. Accordingto another embodiment, in the case where the UE user-related identifieris an MSISDN, the AAF may select a home network and an AUSF of the homenetwork, based on the MSISDN, and may select the authentication methodbased on an OTP, which is a method using the MSISDN. According toanother embodiment, in the case where the UE user-related identifier isa PEI, the AAF may select the authentication method based on anautomatically generated credential, which is a method utilizing UEsubscription information. Alternatively, if the AAF 320 receives, fromthe UE, a request for generating a key from an AKMA anchor function(AAnF) or an AUSF in a 5GC network using an authentication and keymanagement for application (AKMA) key, the AAF 320 may make a request toa NEF or an AUSF in the 5GC network for generating the key.

FIG. 11 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure based on a USIM credential in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Thesignal exchange diagram illustrated in FIG. 11 may be understood assignal flow exchanged between the UE 310, the AAF 320, the UDM/ARPF(authentication credential repository and processing function) 340, andthe AUSF 350. The authentication procedure described in FIG. 11 mayfollow an HTTP AKA procedure.

Referring to FIG. 11, in operation 1101, the AAF 320 transmits a firstauthentication request message to the AUSF 350. The AUSF 350 may receivethe first authentication request message from the AAF 320. Specifically,the AAF 320 identifies the AUSF 350 for performing the authenticationprocedure based on the USIM credential determined based on theauthentication initiation message received from the UE 310. If the AUSF350 is identified, the AAF 320 transmits a first authentication requestmessage for requesting authentication to the identified AUSF 350. Thefirst authentication request message may be referred to as an“authenticate request”, but is not limited thereto, and various namesfor requesting authentication may be used therefor. According to variousembodiments, the first authentication request message may include atleast one of a UE user-related identifier, the identifier of the AAF 320(AAF ID), and the identifier of an application provider (applicationprovider ID). In this case, the UE user-related identifier may be anidentifier corresponding to the determined authentication method, amonga GPSI, an SUPI, and an SUCI. In addition, the identifier of the AAF 320may be an identifier for identifying the individual AAF 320 thattransmits the first authentication request message. In addition, theidentifier of an application provider may be an identifier foridentifying a separate service provider in a cooperative relationshipwith the mobile communication service provider, and may have the form ofa reverse fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

In operation 1103, the AUSF 350 transmits an authentication get requestmessage to the UDM/ARPF 340. The UDM/ARPF 340 may receive theauthentication get request message from the AUSF 350. The authenticationget request message may be referred to as a “UE authentication getrequest message”. Specifically, the AUSF 350 selects the UDM/ARPF 340,and transmits an authentication get request message to the selectedUDM/ARPF 340. The authentication get request message may be understoodas a message for transmitting the information received from the AAF 320to the UDM/ARPF 340 by the AUSF 350. According to various embodiments,the authentication get request message may include at least one of a UEuser-related identifier, the identifier of the AAF 320, and theidentifier of an application provider. That is, the authentication getrequest message may include information the same as the informationincluded in the first authentication request message received from theAAF 320, or may be obtained by adding the information described above tothe information included in the first authentication request message,and then the authentication get request message may be transmitted tothe UDM/ARPF 340. The UE user-related identifier may be an identifier,among a GPSI, an SUPI, and an SUCI, corresponding to the authenticationmethod determined. In addition, the identifier of the AAF 320 may be anidentifier for identifying the individual AAF 320 that transmits thefirst authentication request message. In addition, the identifier of anapplication provider may be an identifier for identifying a separateservice provider in a cooperative relationship with the mobilecommunication service provider, and may have the form of a reverse FQDN.

In operation 1105, the UDM/ARPF 340 generates an authentication vector.That is, the UDM/ARPF 340 may generate an authentication vector (AV),based on the information included in the received authentication getrequest message. Specifically, the UDM/ARPF 340 may identify a USIMcredential of the UE, based on the UE user-related identifier, which isidentified through the authentication get request message. For example,the UDM/ARPF 340 may identify the USIM credential of the UE byperforming conversion of a GPSI that is identified from theauthentication get request message. The UDM/ARPF 340 may identify theUSIM credential, and may generate an authentication vector using theinformation included in the authentication get request message. Forexample, the UDM/ARPF 340 may generate XRES* using at least one of theidentifier of the AAF 320 and the identifier of an application provider,which are received. That is, in the case where XRES* is generated, atleast one of the identifier of the AAF 320 and the identifier of anapplication provider may be added. Accordingly, the UDM/ARPF 340 maygenerate an authentication vector including XRES*, a random number(RAND), an authentication token (AUTN), and the KAUSF 350 (or AUSF 350)used as an authentication key, which are information required for the UE310 to perform the authentication.

In operation 1107, the UDM/ARPF 340 transmits an authentication getresponse message to the AUSF 350. The AUSF 350 may receive theauthentication get response message from the UDM 340. The authenticationget response message may be referred to as a “UE authentication getresponse message”. That is, the UDM/ARPF 340 may transmit, to the AUSF350, a message for transmitting information required for performingauthentication to the UE 310. Specifically, the UDM/ARPF 340 maytransmit an authentication get response message including an applicationlayer authentication vector to the AUSF 350, and the application layerauthentication vector may include XRES*, a RAND, an AUTN, and the KAUSF350. That is, the authentication vector may be expressed as “applicationHE AV=RAND, AUTN, XRES*, KAUSF 350”.

In operation 1109, the AUSF 350 stores XRES* and generates HXRES*. Thatis, the AUSF 350 may identify the authentication vector from theauthentication get response message received from the UDM/ARPF 340, andmay store information included in the identified authentication vector.For example, the AUSF 350 may store XRES* of the authentication vector,and may derive HXRES* based on XRES*.

In operation 1111, the AUSF 350 transmits a first authenticationresponse message to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the firstauthentication response message from the AUSF 350. That is, the AUSF 350may transmit, to the AAF 320, a message for transmitting the informationrequired for the UE 310 to perform authentication. Specifically, theAUSF 350 may transmit a first authentication response message includingan application layer authentication vector to the AAF 320. Theapplication layer authentication vector may include HXRES* generated bythe AUSF 350. That is, the application layer authentication vectortransmitted by the AUSF 350 may include a RAND, an AUTN, and HXRES*, andmay be expressed as “application HE AV=RAND, AUTN, HXRES*”.

In operation 1113, the AAF 320 transmits a second authentication requestmessage to the UE 310. The UE 310 may receive the second authenticationrequest message from the AAF 320. The second authentication requestmessage may be referred to as an “application authentication requestmessage”. That is, the AAF 320 may transmit a message for transmittingthe information required for the authentication, which is received fromthe AUSF 350, to the UE 310. According to various embodiments, since theauthentication method based on a USIM credential may be performedaccording to the HTTP protocol, the second authentication requestmessage may be transmitted using an HTTP response message. For example,the second authentication request message may be transmitted to the UE310 as a “401 Not Found” response code or a message “WWW-authentication:Digest”. In this case, “Digest” may include the RAND and the AUTN amongthe information included in the application layer authentication vectorreceived from the AUSF 350. That is, the second authentication requestmessage having a format “WWW-authentication: Digest (RAND, AUTN)” may betransmitted from the AAF 320 to the UE 310.

In operation 1115, the UE 310 performs an AKA algorithm Specifically,the UE 310 may generate RES* and an AUTN by performing the AKA algorithmThe UE 310 verifies whether or not the generated AUTN value matches theAUTN value included in the second authentication request messagereceived from the AAF 320.

In operation 1117, the UE 310 transmits a second authentication responsemessage to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the secondauthentication response message from the UE 310. The secondauthentication response message may be referred to as an “applicationauthentication response message”. Specifically, if the authentication issuccessful as a result of comparing the AUTN value generated by the UE310 with the AUTN value received from the AAF 320, the UE 310 maytransmit a second authentication response message to the AAF 320 inorder to transmit RES*. According to various embodiments, the secondauthentication response message may be transmitted using an HTTP requestmessage. In this case, the second authentication response message mayinclude an authorization digest header. That is, the secondauthentication response message in the form “authorization digest(RES*)” may be transmitted from the UE 310 to the AAF 320.

In operation 1119, the AAF 320 calculates XRES* and HXRES*. The AAF 320may calculate XRES* and HXRES* using RES* included in the secondauthentication response message received from the UE 310. The UE 310 maycompare whether or not the value of HXRES* matches a target value. Inthis case, the target value may be identified using HXRES* included inthe authentication vector of the first authentication response message.The AAF 320 may verify whether or not the value of HXRES* corresponds tothe target value for the user authentication of the UE 310.

In operation 1121, the AAF 320 transmits a third authentication requestmessage to the AUSF 350. The AUSF 350 may receive the thirdauthentication request message from the AAF 320. As it is confirmed thatthe calculated value of HXRES* matches the value of HXRES* received fromthe AUSF 350, the AAF 320 may transmit a message for transmitting RES*received from the UE 310 to the AUSF 350. Accordingly, the thirdauthentication request message may include RES*.

In operation 1123, the AUSF 350 identifies RES*. That is, the AUSF 350may determine whether or not the value of RES * transmitted from the UEcorresponds to the value stored in the AUSF 350. The AUSF 350 maydetermine whether or not the authentication for the UE 310 is successfulby identifying the value of RES*.

In operation 1125, the AUSF 350 transmits a third authenticationresponse message to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the thirdauthentication response message from the AUSF 350. If it is determinedthat the authentication for the UE 310 is successful, the AUSF 350 maytransmit a message indicating the success of authentication to the AAF320. In this case, the AUSF 350 transmits, to the AAF 320, a thirdauthentication response message including a separate indicatorindicating that the authentication is successful and the KAAF 320 usedas an authentication key.

If the UE determines an authentication method based on a user portal,the UE may transmit, to the AAF, an authentication initiation messageincluding the type of user agent for indicating at least one of variousbrowsers. Alternatively, if the type of user agent included in theauthentication initiation message received by the AAF indicates at leastone of various browsers, the AAF may determine to perform a procedureaccording to the authentication method based on a user portal.Alternatively, if the AAF fails to determine an appropriateauthentication method, based on the authentication initiation message,the authentication method based on a user portal may be determined.Hereinafter, an authentication procedure, in the case where theauthentication method based on a user portal is determined, will bedescribed in detail with reference to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13.

FIG. 12 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure based on a user portal in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG.13 illustrates an example of a user portal screen for performing anauthentication procedure based on a user portal in a wirelesscommunication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Thesignal exchange diagram illustrated in FIG. 12 may be understood assignal flow exchanged between the UE 310 and the AAF 320. Hereinafter, adescription of FIG. 12 will be made with reference to FIG. 11.

Referring to FIG. 12, in operation 1201, the AAF 320 transmits, to theUE 310, a message for inputting authentication credential information.The UE 310 may receive the message for inputting authenticationcredential information from the AAF 320. Specifically, the AAF 320 maytransmit, to the UE 310, a message including an HTML address fordisplaying a screen capable of inputting credential information forauthentication, such as a user ID and a password. For example, the AAF320 may transmit, to the UE 310, an HTML address of a screen 1300including an input field 1310 for entering a user ID and an input field1320 for entering a password.

In operation 1203, the UE 310 may transmit authentication credentialinformation to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the authenticationcredential information from the UE 310. The UE 310 may perform renderingof a received HTML file using a browser corresponding to the type ofuser agent indicated by the authentication initiation message, therebydisplaying the screen 1300 on the display panel of the UE 310. The UE310 may receive an input of at least one of a user ID or an emailaddress to the input field 1310 and an input of a password to the inputfield 1320. The UE 310 may transmit the input user ID and password tothe AAF 320 as the authentication credential information.

In operation 1205, the UE 310 and the AAF 320 perform an authenticationprocedure using the input authentication credential information. The UE310 may perform an authentication procedure for verifying the user IDand the password through the interaction with a portal included in theAAF 320.

According to the embodiment of the determination of the authenticationmethod described above, the UE and the AAF may determine to perform theauthentication procedure based on an automatically generated credential.In this case, authentication information may be generated using at leastone of the SUPI, the PEI, and the MSISDN, which are UE user-relatedinformation that avoids being disclosed to the public, andauthentication information generated through a negotiated one-way hashfunction may be verified. Hereinafter, an authentication procedureaccording to the authentication method based on an automaticallygenerated credential will be described in detail with reference to FIG.14.

FIG. 14 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure based on an automatically generated credentialin a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of thedisclosure. The signal exchange diagram illustrated in FIG. 14 may beunderstood as signal flow exchanged between the UE 310, the AAF 320, andthe UDM 340.

Referring to FIG. 14, in operation 1401, the AAF 320 transmits a profilerequest message to the UDM 340. The UDM 340 may receive the profilerequest message from the AAF 320. Specifically, the AAF 320 may selectthe UDM 340 for performing an authentication procedure using a UEuser-related identifier and information on the type of user agentidentified from the authentication initiation message received from theUE 310. The AAF 320 may make a request to the selected UDM 340 forinformation necessary for performing the authentication procedure basedon an automatically generated credential. That is, the AAF 320 maytransmit a profile request message including the UE user-relatedidentifier to the UDM 340. For example, the AAF 320 may make a requestto the UDM 340 for information necessary for performing authenticationfor the user of a UE corresponding to a GPSI by transmitting a profilerequest message including the GPSI.

In operation 1403, the UDM 340 transmits a profile response message tothe AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the profile response message fromthe UDM 340. That is, the UDM 340 may transmit, to the AAF 320, aprofile response message including subscriber information indicating atleast one of the SUPI, the PEI, and the MSISDN corresponding to theGPSI. As described above, the SUPI, the PEI, and the MSISDN areidentifiers that are not disclosed to the public, and may be used toautomatically generate the credential. That is, the authenticationmethod based on the credential generated using the information relatedto the UE 310 may be used.

In operation 1405, the AAF 320 produces a digest. The AAF 320 mayacquire subscriber information for identifying the UE, based on theprofile response message received from the UDM 340. In addition, the AAF320 generates a random number (RAND), thereby producing a digest usingthe acquired subscriber information and the RAND. In this case, asdescribed above, the subscriber information may correspond to at leastone of the SUPI, the PEI, and the MSISDN, and the digest may beexpressed as “Digest=H(RAND|SUPI)”.

In operation 1407, the AAF 320 transmits an authentication requestmessage to the UE 310. The UE 310 may receive the authentication requestmessage from the AAF 320. The authentication request message may bereferred to as an “application authentication request message”. That is,the AAF 320 may transmit a message for transmitting the generated digestto the UE 310. According to various embodiments, the authenticationrequest message may be transmitted in the form of an HTTP responsemessage. The AAF 320 may transmit an HTTP response message to the UE 310by inserting the generated digest into the field “WWW-authenticate”. Inthis case, the authentication request message may include a form such as“WWW-authenticate: Digest Random: RAND”.

In operation 1409, the UE 310 verifies the digest and generates amessage authentication code (MAC). If the digest identified from theauthentication request message is verified, the UE 310 may generate aMAC using at least one of the SUPI, the PEI, the MSISDN, correspondingto the subscriber information for identifying the UE 310, or the RANDgenerated by the AAF 320. That is, the MAC may be expressed as“MAC=H(RAND|MSISDN|PEI|SUPI)”.

In operation 1411, the UE 310 transmits an authentication responsemessage to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the authenticationresponse message from the UE 310. The authentication response messagemay be referred to as an “application authentication response message”.Specifically, the UE 310 may transmit, the AAF 320, an authenticationresponse message having the MAC, which is generated based on theverified digest, inserted thereto. According to various embodiments, theauthentication response message may be transmitted in the form of anHTTP request message. In this case, the UE 310 may transmit theauthentication response message to the AAF 320 by including the MAC inthe header field “authorization” of the HTTP request message.

In operation 1413, the AAF 320 verifies the MAC. That is, the AAF 320may verify that the MAC generated by the UE 310 matches the UEuser-related identifier received from the UDM 340. The verification ofthe MAC may be performed according to any of various methods such as amethod based on a hash function.

In operation 1415, the AAF 320 generates an authentication code. If theMAC is verified, the AAF 320 may determine that the authentication issuccessful. Accordingly, the AAF 320 may generate an authentication codethat the UE 310 may use in order to acquire an access token issued foran edge application.

In operation 1417, the AAF 320 transmits an authentication result to theUE 310. The UE 310 may receive the authentication result from the AAF320. The authentication result may be referred to as an “applicationauthentication result message”. The AAF 320 may transmit a messageindicating that the authentication has been successfully performed tothe UE 310. According to various embodiments, the AAF 320 may transmit amessage including an authentication code to the UE 310. In addition, theAAF 320 may transmit a message further including a redirection addressto the UE 310.

FIG. 15 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for performing anauthentication procedure based on an OTP in a wireless communicationsystem according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The signal exchangediagram illustrated in FIG. 15 may be understood as signal flowexchanged between the UE 310, the AAF 320, and the UDM 340.

Referring to FIG. 15, in operation 1501, the AAF 320 transmits a profilerequest message to the UDM 340. The UDM 340 may receive the profilerequest message from the AAF 320. Specifically, the AAF 320 may selectthe UDM 340 for performing the authentication procedure using theinformation on the UE user-related identifier and the type of user agentidentified from the authentication initiation message received from theUE 310. The AAF 320 may transmit a profile request message including theUE user-related identifier to the selected UDM 340. For example, the AAF320 may transmit a profile request message including a GPSI, therebymaking a request to the UDM 340 for information necessary for performingauthentication on the UE user corresponding to the GPSI.

In operation 1503, the UDM 340 transmits a profile response message tothe AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the profile response message fromthe UDM 340. The UDM 340 may identify at least one of the SUPI, the PEI,and the MSISDN for the UE 310, based on the received GPSI. Accordingly,the UDM 340 may transmit, to the AAF 320, a profile response messageincluding subscriber information indicating at least one of theidentified SUPI, PEI, and MSISDN.

In operation 1505, an OTP is transmitted from the AAF 320 to the UE 310.The AAF 320 may acquire subscriber information for identifying the UE,based on the profile response message received from the UDM 340. In thiscase, as described above, the subscriber information may correspond toat least one of the SUPI, the PEI, and the MSISDN. The AAF 320 maytransmit a one-time password (OTP) to the UE 310 corresponding to atleast one of the acquired SUPI, PEI, and MSISDN through a separate path.For example, the AAF 320 may transmit an OTP to the UE 310 correspondingto the acquired subscriber information through a short message service(SMS). For example, the AAF 320 may transmit an OTP to the UE 310corresponding to the acquired subscriber information through a NASmessage.

In operation 1507, the AAF 320 transmits an authentication requestmessage to the UE 310. The UE 310 may receive the authentication requestmessage from the AAF 320. The authentication request message may bereferred to as an “application authentication request message”. That is,receiving a request for initiating an authentication procedure from theUE 310, the AAF 320 may transmit an authentication request message, as aresponse message, after a predetermined procedure. In this case, the AAF320 generates a random number (RAND) available for verification of themessage authentication code (MAC), and may transmit an authenticationrequest message including the generated RAND to the UE 310.

In operation 1509, the UE 310 generates a MAC. The UE 310 may generate aMAC using at least one of the SUPI, the PEI, the MSISDN, correspondingto the subscriber information for identifying the UE 310, the RANDgenerated by the AAF 320, and the received OTP value. That is, the MACmay be expressed as “MAC=H (OTP, RAND|MSISDN|PEI|SUPI)”.

In operation 1511, the UE 310 transmits an authentication responsemessage to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the authenticationresponse message from the UE 310. The authentication response messagemay be referred to as an “application authentication response message”.Specifically, the UE 310 may transmit, to the AAF 320, an authenticationresponse message having the MAC, which is generated based on at leastone of the aforementioned subscriber information, the RAND, and the OTPvalue, inserted thereto.

In operation 1513, the AAF 320 verifies the MAC. The AAF 320 maygenerate the MAC, based on at least one of the subscriber informationreceived from the UDM 340 through the profile response message, the RANDgenerated by the AAF 320, and the OTP value sent to the UE 310. Inaddition, the AAF 320 may identify the MAC, which is generated by the UE310, from the authentication response message received from the UE 310.Accordingly, the AAF 320 may verify the MAC generated by the UE 310using the MAC generated by the AAF 320.

In operation 1515, the AAF 320 generates an authentication code. If itis determined that the authentication is successful through theverification of the MAC, the AAF 320 may generate an authenticationcode. According to various embodiments, the AAF 320 may generate anauthentication code according to OAUTH2 framework, which is protocol formanaging authentication for a third party and the grant of authorizationthereto using a token. That is, the AAF 320 may generate anauthentication code available for the UE 310 to receive an access tokenissued for an edge application.

In operation 1517, the AAF 320 transmits an authentication result to theUE 310. The UE 310 may receive the authentication result from the AAF320. The authentication result may be referred to as an “applicationauthentication result message”. The AAF 320 may transmit, to the UE 310,a message indicating that the authentication has been successfullyperformed. According to various embodiments, the AAF 320 may transmit amessage including an authentication code to the UE 310. In addition, theAAF 320 may transmit a message that further includes a redirectionaddress to the UE 310.

If the authentication code is acquired by performing the authenticationprocedure described above, the UE may perform a procedure for acquiringan access token using the acquired authentication code. Hereinafter, aprocedure of acquiring an access token will be described in detail withreference to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17.

FIG. 16 illustrates a signal exchange diagram in the case wheregeneration of an access token is successful in a wireless communicationsystem according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The signal exchangediagram illustrated in FIG. 16 may be understood as signal flowexchanged between the UE 310, the AAF 320, and the APR 360.

Referring to FIG. 16, in operation 1601, the UE 310 transmits a requestmessage to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the request message fromthe UE 310. That is, the UE 310 may transmit a message for requesting anaccess token to the AAF 320 after the authentication procedure issuccessfully performed. According to various embodiments, the requestmessage may include at least one of a grant type, an authenticationcode, a redirection address, and a client ID. The request message may bereferred to as an “access token request message”.

In operation 1603, the AAF 320 checks the authentication code. The AAF320 may identify the authentication code, based on the received requestmessage. The AAF 320 may verify the validity of the identifiedauthentication code, based on at least one predetermined criterion. Forexample, the validity of the authentication code may be determined basedon at least one of a valid time of the authentication code, a GPSIidentified in the authentication code, or information, which is includedin the request message, other than the authentication code.

In operation 1605, the AAF 320 acquires profile information. If thevalidity of the authentication code is verified, the AAF 320 may acquirea subscriber profile corresponding to the verified authentication code.According to various embodiments, the subscriber profile may includeinformation for identifying the user of the UE 310 requesting the issueof the access token (e.g., a UE user-related identifier) and subscriberinformation corresponding to the user (e.g., a subscriber level, asubscriber category, and the like). Although not shown in FIG. 16, theAAF 320 may make a request to the UDM for a subscriber profile, therebyacquiring information on the UE 310 or the user requesting the issue ofthe access token.

In operation 1607, the AAF 320 transmits a profile request message tothe APR 360. The APR 360 may receive the profile request message fromthe AAF 320. The profile request message may be referred to as an“application profile request message”. That is, the AAF 320 maytransmit, to the APR 360, a message requesting a profile on at least oneedge application. In this case, profile information on the edgeapplication for which the issue of the access token is requested by theUE 310 is requested. According to various embodiments, the profilerequest message may include at least one of the identifier of anapplication profile (an application profile ID) or the category of thecorresponding application profile.

In operation 1609, the APR 360 transmits a profile response message tothe AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the profile response message fromthe APR 360. The profile response message may be referred to as an“application profile response message”. The APR 360 may identify whetheror not the application profile requested by the profile request messageis allowed based on pre-stored information on edge applications. Atleast one application profile may be requested from the AAF 320, and theAPR 360 may retrieve or identify allowable application profiles, basedon the policy related to applications. Accordingly, the APR 360 maytransmit, to the AAF 320, a profile response message includinginformation indicating at least one of allowable application profiles orunallowable application profiles.

In operation 1611, the AAF 320 generates an access token. The AAF 320may acquire an allowable application profile, based on the profileresponse message received from the APR 360. The AAF 320 may generate anaccess token by configuring the authority according to the acquiredsubscriber profile. According to various embodiments, the access tokenincludes at least one of a UE user-related identifier (e.g., asubscriber identifier or an identifier of a UE device), an identifier ofan application profile, a subscriber category, a subscriber level, andinformation for identifying the AAF 320 for verifying the access token.The information for identifying the AAF 320 for verifying the accesstoken may include at least one of the address of an AAF 320 end point,the identifier of an application provider, and an AAF 320 ID.

In operation 1613, the AAF 320 transmits a response message to the UE310. The UE 310 may receive the response message from the AAF 320.Specifically, after encrypting the generated access token, the AAF 320may transmit a response message for delivering the encrypted accesstoken to the UE 310. Accordingly, the access token may be used todetermine whether or not to permit the UE 310 to use an edge computingservice corresponding to the application profile. The response messagemay be referred to as an “access token response message”.

FIG. 17 illustrates a signal exchange diagram in the case wheregeneration of an access token fails in a wireless communication systemaccording to an embodiment of the disclosure. The signal exchangediagram illustrated in FIG. 17 may be understood as signal flowexchanged between the UE 310 and the AAF 320.

Referring to FIG. 17, in operation 1701, the UE 310 transmits a requestmessage to the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the request message fromthe UE 310. That is, the UE 310 may transmit a message requesting anaccess token to the AAF 320 after the authentication procedure issuccessful. According to various embodiments, the request message mayinclude at least one of an authorization type, an authentication code, aredirection address, and a client ID. The request message may bereferred to as an “access token request message”.

In operation 1703, the AAF 320 verifies an authentication code. The AAF320 may identify an authentication code, based on the received requestmessage. The AAF 320 may determine whether or not to generate an accesstoken using information identified from the request message. Forexample, if the validity time of an authentication code has elapsed, ifthe GPSI identified from the authentication code does not match the GPSIreceived from the UDM, or if the client ID included in the requestmessage does not match, the AAF 320 may determine not to generate anaccess token. In addition, if the profile information received from theUDM is determined to be invalid, the AAF 320 may determine not togenerate an access token.

In operation 1705, the AAF 320 transmits a response message to the UE310. The UE 310 may receive the response message from the AAF 320. Thatis, the AAF 320 may transmit, to the UE 310, a message indicating thatthe access token has not been generated. For example, the responsemessage may include at least one of information on the reason forrejecting the authentication code and a redirection address. That is,the AAF 320 may transmit the reason for rejecting the authenticationcode to the UE 310 through the response message. In addition, the AAF320 may transmit the redirection address that may be determinedaccording to the reason for rejecting the authentication code throughthe response message. The response message may be referred to as an“access token response message”.

FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a UE for granting authorization foran edge application in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 18 illustrates an operation method ofthe UE 310.

Referring to FIG. 18, in operation 1801, the UE transmits a requestmessage including an access token to the AF. That is, if the accesstoken is received from the AAF according to the successful verificationof the authentication code, the UE may transmit, to the AF, a requestmessage for requesting authorization for an edge application. In thiscase, the UE may transmit an access token to the AF through the requestmessage. The access token may include at least one of a UE user-relatedidentifier (e.g., a subscriber identifier or an identifier of a UEdevice), an identifier of an application profile, a subscriber category,a subscriber level, and information for identifying an AAF for verifyingthe access token.

In operation 1803, the UE receives a response message based on theresult of the verification of the access token from the AF.Specifically, the AF may identify the AAF for verifying the accesstoken, based on the received access token. The AF may transmit, to theidentified AAF, a message including the access token and informationrequesting authorization for an edge application. If the verification ofthe access token by the AAF is successful, the AF receives, from theAAF, at least one of information on allowable authority for an edgeapplication corresponding to the information included in the accesstoken or an allowable application profile. Accordingly, the UE mayreceive, from the AF, a response message including information on theedge application permitted according to at least one of the subscribercategory and the subscriber level related to the UE. According tovarious embodiments, the information on the edge application may includethe address of an application server corresponding to the edgeapplication. For example, the address of an application server mayinclude at least one of an FQDN, an Internet protocol (IP) address, oran address of an edge computing service endpoint. If the verification ofthe access token by the AAF fails, the AF receives, from the AAF, averification response message indicating the reason for failure of theverification of the access token. Accordingly, the UE may receive, fromthe AF, a response message including at least one of informationindicating the reason for failure of the verification of the accesstoken and a redirection address for re-performing the authenticationprocedure for acquiring a valid access token.

FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart of an AAF for granting authorization foran edge application in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 19 illustrates an operation method ofthe AAF 320.

Referring to FIG. 19, in operation 1901, the AAF receives a requestmessage requesting verification of an access token from the AF.Specifically, the AF may identify the AAF for verifying the accesstoken, based on the access token included in the request messagereceived from the UE. The AAF may receive, from the AF, a verificationrequest message including an access token and information for requestingauthorization for an edge application. That is, the AAF may receive,from the AF, a message requesting verification of the access token afterbeing identified by the AF.

In operation 1903, the AAF performs verification of the access token.The AAF may verify the access token, based on at least one of a validitytime of the access token and information related to the authority of theaccess token. For example, the AAF may identify whether or not thevalidity time of the access token has elapsed at the time of performingthe verification. If the validity time has not yet elapsed, the AAF maydetermine that the verification of the access token is successful. Ifthe validity time has elapsed, the AAF may determine that theverification of the access token has failed. In addition, the AAF mayidentify whether or not at least one of the resource permitted by theaccess token or the resource requested by the UE belongs to theauthority of the access token. If at least one of the resource permittedby the access token or the resource requested by the UE belongs to theauthority of the access token, the AAF may determine that theverification of the access token is successful. If at least one of theresource permitted by the access token or the resource requested by theUE does not belong to the authority of the access token, the AAF maydetermine that the verification of the access token has failed.

In operation 1905, the AAF transmits a verification response messagebased on the result of verification of the access token to the AF. Thatis, the AAF may transmit, to the AF, a response message indicating theresult of verification of the access token. If it is determined that theverification of the access token is successful, the AAF may transmit, tothe AF, the verification response message including at least one ofinformation on allowable authority for an edge application correspondingto the information included in the access token or an allowableapplication profile. If it is determined that the verification of theaccess token has failed, the AAF may transmit, to the AF, a verificationresponse message indicating the reason why the verification of theaccess token has failed. In this case, the reason for failure of theverification, such as the case where the access token is invalid due tothe elapse of the valid time or the case where the requested resourcedoes not belong to the authority of the access token, may be transmittedto the AF.

FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart of an AF for granting authorization foran edge application in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 20 illustrates an operation method ofthe AF 330.

Referring to FIG. 20, in operation 2001, the AF transmits, to the AAF, arequest message requesting verification of the received access token.Specifically, the AF may identify the AAF for verifying the accesstoken, based on the information for identifying the AAF for verifyingthe access token, which is included in the access token received fromthe UE. According to various embodiments, the information foridentifying the AAF for verifying the access token may include at leastone of the address of an AAF endpoint, the identifier of an applicationprovider, and an AAF ID. For example, if the access token has the formatof a JSON web token (JWT), the field “issuer ID”, which isidentification information of a token issuer, may include informationdetermined based on the identifier of an application provider and theAAF ID, and the field “issued at (IAT)”, which is information indicatingthe issue time of the token, may include the address of the AAFendpoint. Accordingly, the AF may transmit a verification requestmessage including the access token and authorization request informationto the identified AAF.

In operation 2003, the AF receives, from the AAF, a verificationresponse message, based on the verification result of the access token.That is, the AF may receive a response message indicating theverification result of the access token from the AAF. If it isdetermined that the verification of the access token is successful, theAF may receive, from the AAF, a verification response message includingat least one of information on allowable authority for an edgeapplication corresponding to the information included in the accesstoken or an allowable application profile. If it is determined that theverification of the access token has failed, the AF may receive, fromthe AAF, a verification response message indicating the reason why theverification of the access token has failed. In this case, the reasonfor failure of the verification, such as the case where the access tokenis invalid due to the elapse of the valid time or the case where therequested resource does not belong to the authority of the access token,may be transmitted to the AF.

In operation 2005, the AF transmits a response message to the UE, basedon the verification response message. If the verification of the accesstoken by the AAF is successful, the AF may receive, from the AAF, averification response message indicating that the verification issuccessful, and may then transmit, to the UE, a response messageincluding information on the edge application that is permittedaccording to at least one of a subscriber category and a subscriberlevel in relation to the UE. According to various embodiments, theinformation on the edge application may include the address of anapplication server corresponding to the edge application. For example,the address of an application server may include at least one of anFQDN, an IP address, or the address of an edge computing serviceendpoint. As described above, if the verification of the access token issuccessful, the verification response message may include at least oneof information on allowable authority for an edge applicationcorresponding to the information included in the access token or anallowable application profile. If the verification of the access tokenby the AAF fails, the AF may receive, from the AAF, a verificationresponse message indicating the reason for failure of the verificationof the access token, and may then transmit, to the UE, a responsemessage including at least one of information indicating the reason forfailure of the verification of the access token and a redirectionaddress for re-performing the authentication procedure for acquiring avalid access token.

FIG. 21 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for granting authorizationfor an edge application in a wireless communication system according toan embodiment of the disclosure. The signal exchange diagram illustratedin FIG. 21 may be understood as signal flow exchanged between the UE310, the AAF 320, and the AF 330.

Referring to FIG. 21, in operation 2101, the UE 310 transmits a requestmessage to the AF 330. The AF 330 may receive the request message fromthe UE 310. The request message may be referred to as an “applicationrequest message”. That is, if the access token is received from the AAF320 according to the successful verification of the authentication code,the UE 310 may transmit, to the AF 330, a request message requestingauthorization for an edge application. In this case, the UE 310 maytransmit an access token to the AF 330 through the request message. Theaccess token may include at least one of a UE user-related identifier(e.g., a subscriber identifier or an identifier of a UE device), anidentifier of an application profile, a subscriber category, asubscriber level, and information for identifying the AAF 320 forverifying the access token.

In operation 2103, the AF 330 transmits a verification request messageto the AAF 320. The AAF 320 may receive the verification request messagefrom the AF 330. Specifically, the AF 330 may identify the AAF 320 forverifying the access token, based on the information for identifying theAAF 320 for verifying the access token, which is included in the accesstoken received from the UE 310. The verification request message may bereferred to as an “access token verification request message”. Accordingto various embodiments, the information for identifying the AAF 320 forverification of the access token may include at least one of the addressof an AAF 320 endpoint, the identifier of an application provider, andan AAF 320 ID. For example, if the access token has the format of a JWT,the field “issuer ID”, which is identification information of a tokenissuer, may include information determined based on the identifier of anapplication provider and the AAF 320 ID, and the field “issued at(IAT)”, which is information indicating the issue time of the token, mayinclude the address of the AAF endpoint. Accordingly, the AF 330 maytransmit a verification request message including the access token andauthorization request information to the identified AAF 320.

In operation 2105, the AAF 320 transmits a verification response messageto the AF 330. The AF 330 may receive the verification response messagefrom the AAF 320. That is, the AAF 320 may transmit, to the AF 330, aresponse message indicating a verification result of the access token.The verification response message may be referred to as an “access tokenverification response message”. If it is determined that theverification of the access token is successful, the AAF 320 maytransmit, to the AF 330, a verification response message including atleast one of information on allowable authority for an edge applicationcorresponding to the information included in the access token or anallowable application profile. If it is determined that the verificationof the access token has failed, the AAF 320 may transmit, to the AF 330,a verification response message indicating the reason why theverification of the access token has failed. In this case, the reasonfor failure of the verification, such as the case where the access tokenis invalid due to the elapse of the valid time or the case where therequested resource does not belong to the authority of the access token,may be transmitted to the AF 330.

In operation 2107, the AF 330 transmits a response message to the UE310. The UE 310 may receive the response message from the AF 330. Theresponse message may be referred to as an “application responsemessage”. If the verification of the access token by the AAF 320 issuccessful, the AF 330 may receive, from the AAF 320, a verificationresponse message indicating that the verification is successful, and maythen transmit, to the UE 310, a response message including informationon the edge application that is permitted according to at least one of asubscriber category and a subscriber level in relation to the UE 310.According to various embodiments, the information on the edgeapplication may include the address of an application servercorresponding to the edge application. For example, the address of anapplication server may include at least one of an FQDN, an IP address,or the address of an edge computing service endpoint. As describedabove, if the verification of the access token is successful, theverification response message may include at least one of information onallowable authority for an edge application corresponding to theinformation included in the access token or an allowable applicationprofile. If the verification of the access token by the AAF 320 fails,the AF 330 may receive, from the AAF 320, a verification responsemessage indicating the reason for failure of the verification of theaccess token, and may then transmit, to the UE, a response messageincluding at least one of information indicating the reason for failureof the verification of the access token and a redirection address forre-performing the authentication procedure for acquiring a valid accesstoken.

As described in FIG. 18 to FIG. 21, based on the information included inthe access token, different edge computing services may be provided torespective UEs or UE users. That is, the AF may transmit, to the UE,information to provide differentiated edge computing services dependingon application profiles, subscriber categories, subscriber classes, andthe like in order to permit the use of the edge computing services. Forexample, if the AF receives a request for an edge application list fromthe UE, the AF may perform verification of the access token, and maydetermine the edge application list available for the UE, based on thesubscriber categories received from the AAF. An example of a list ofavailable edge applications for respective subscriber classes is shownin Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Subscriber Available edge classes applications class A APP 1 andAPP 2 class B APP 1 and APP 2 class C APP 1

Referring to Table 2, APP 1 and APP 2 may be permitted to be used forthe subscriber belonging to subscriber class A. In addition, APP 1 andAPP 2 may be permitted to be used for the subscriber belonging tosubscriber class B. Further, only APP 1, instead of APP 2, may bepermitted to be used for the subscriber belonging to subscriber class C.That is, different edge applications may be provided depending on thesubscriber classes.

In addition, if information on the available edge application istransmitted to the UE, and if a request for the address of anapplication server of the edge application is received from the UE, theAF may transmit different addresses for the application, based on thesubscriber categories and the subscriber classes. An example ofaddresses of an application server of the edge application is shown inTable 3 below.

TABLE 3 Edge applications FQDN Class A Class B APP 1 ex.app1.comfast.app1.com slow.app1.com APP 2 svc.app2.com fast.app2.comslow.app2.com

Referring to Table 3, in the case of APP 1, if an FQDN is requested asthe address of an application server, the address “ex.app1.com” may beprovided. In addition, the address “fast.app1.com” may be provided tothe UE in the case of subscriber class A, and the address“slow.app1.com” may be provided to the UE in the case of subscriberclass B. That is, edge application APP 1 may be provided at differentspeeds depending on the subscriber classes. Likewise, in the case of APP2, if the FQDN is requested as the address of the application server,the address “svc.app2.com” may be provided. In addition, the address“fast.app2.com” may be provided to the UE in the case of subscriberclass A, and the address “slow.app2.com” may be provided to the UE inthe case of subscriber class B. That is, edge application APP 2 may beprovided at different speeds depending on the subscriber classes.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of user consent and utilization of personalinformation in the case where personal information on the user isrequested to provide edge computing services will be described in detailwith reference to FIG. 22 and FIG. 23.

FIG. 22 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for acquiring user consentfor utilization of personal information in a wireless communicationsystem according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The signal exchangediagram illustrated in FIG. 22 may be understood as signal flowexchanged between the UE 310 and the EF 210.

Referring to FIG. 22, in operation 2201, the UE 310 and the EF 210perform a procedure of acquiring user consent for utilization ofpersonal information. For example, personal information on the user maybe requested by a client, that is, an external user agent, while theauthentication procedure described above is performed or after theauthentication procedure is completed. That is, a request for consent togrant authority for the personal information is made to the user of theUE 310 requesting edge computing services. The personal information onthe user may include a variety of information such as locationinformation of the UE 310.

In operation 2203, the EF 210 stores information on the user's consentor denial. The EF 210 may store information on whether or not the userconsents to the utilization of the personal information. The informationon the user's consent or denial may be maintained for the validityperiod of the authentication result acquired through the authenticationprocedure described above. If the validity period during which theauthentication result remains valid expires, the EF 210 may delete theinformation on the user's consent or denial.

FIG. 23 illustrates a signal exchange diagram for utilizing personalinformation in a wireless communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure. The signal exchange diagram illustrated inFIG. 23 may be understood as signal flow exchanged between the AMF146/NEF 152, the EF 204 or 210, and the edge server 102 or 106.

Referring to FIG. 23, in operation 2301, the edge server 102 or 106transmits a request message for utilization of personal information tothe EF 204 or 210. The EF 204 or 210 receives the request message forutilization of personal information from the edge server 102 or 106. Theedge server 102 or 106 providing edge applications to the UE maytransmit a message requesting utilization of personal informationregarding the user of a corresponding UE to the EF 204 or 210.

In operation 2303, the EF 204 or 210 identifies whether or not the userconsents to utilization of personal information. As described in FIG.22, the EF 204 or 210 may identify whether or not the user consents toutilization of the requested personal information, based on theinformation about the user's consent or denial, which is pre-stored. Inthis case, the EF 204 or 210 may identify availability of the requestedpersonal information before the validity period during which theauthentication result remains valid expires.

In operation 2305, the EF 204 or 210 transmits a personal informationrequest message to the AMF 146 and the NEF 152. The AMF 146 and the NEF152 receive the personal information request messages from the EF 204 or210. If it is confirmed that the user consents to the utilization of therequested personal information, based on the information on the user'sconsent or denial, the EF 204 or 210 may transmit, to the AMF 146 andthe NEF 152, a request message for acquiring the current state of thecorresponding personal information. That is, the EF 204 or 210 mayacquire the current valid information on the functions (e.g.,positioning of the UE) to which the user consents. Although the AMF 146and the NEF 152 are described in FIG. 23, additional entities mayreceive the request message according to the type of requested personalinformation. For example, if the edge server 102 or 106 requestslocation information on the UE, the EF 204 or 210 may transmit a messagerequesting the current location information of the UE to locationservices (LCS), as well as the AMF 146 and the NEF 152.

FIG. 24 illustrates a network structure in which a structure forauthentication and authorization for an edge application is mapped to anedge computing structure in a wireless communication system according toan embodiment of the disclosure.

Specifically, FIG. 24 illustrates a network structure in which theentities of various embodiments are mapped to an edge computingstructure.

Referring to FIG. 24, an edge enabler client (EEC) 318 may be a softwaremodule including both a user agent 312 and an application 314.Alternatively, the EEC 318 in a UE 310 may be a software moduleincluding the user agent 312.

The edge enabler client 318 may be identified using an EEC identifier.The EEC identifier may be a value derived from the identifier of asubscriber. In the case where the EEC identifier is derived from theidentifier of a subscriber, the EEC may include the identifier of amobile communication service provider derived from a subscriptionpermanent identifier (SUPI), a mobile station international subscriberdirector number (MSISDN), or a generic public subscription identifier(GPSI), and serial numbers distinguished between mobile communicationservice providers. In the case where the EEC identifier is provided froma terminal manufacturer, the EEC identifier may be derived from apermanent equipment identifier (PEI). In the case where the EECidentifier is derived from the PEI, the EEC identifier may include theidentification information including the identifier of a manufacturer,the number of a manufacturer, a SW number, a model name, and the like.Alternatively, the EEC identifier may be a value preset using a softwaremodule of the EEC. If the EEC identifier is the identifier of a softwaremodule, the EEC identifier may follow the format of a universally uniqueidentifier (UUID). The EEC identifier may include a unique softwarepackage name capable of identifying a software package, which may followa reversed format of the fully qualified domain name (FQDN), such as“com.samsung.mecframework”. In addition, the software package name mayinclude a version name of the software. The EEC identifier may bedownloaded from an edge computing service provider to then be installedin the terminal. The EEC identifier may include a serial number issuedby an edge computing service provider. In addition, the EEC identifiermay include an identifier for distinguishing between edge computingservice providers.

In the embodiment described in FIG. 24, the edge enabler client 318 mayinclude the functions of the user agent 312 and the application 314 inthe embodiment described in FIG. 3.

In the embodiment described in FIG. 24, the AAF 320 performs thefunctions of the AAF 320 in the embodiment described in FIG. 3. The AAF320 may be provided in a 3GPP core network 2410. Alternatively, the AAF320 may be implemented together with the edge configuration server 2430.Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 24, the AAF 320 may operate separatelyfrom the 3GPP core network 2410 and the edge configuration server 2430.

The edge enabler client 318 receives configuration information necessaryfor exchanging application data traffic with an edge application server2422. The edge enabler client 318 acquires address information on theavailable edge application server 2422 in the edge data network 2420.

In the embodiment described in FIG. 24, an edge enabler server (EES)2424 performs the following functions required for the edge applicationserver 2422 and the edge enabler client 318.

1. Configuration information necessary for exchanging application datatraffic with the edge application server 2422

2. Providing information related to the edge application server 2422 tothe edge enabler client 318

3. Providing an application programming interface (API) for networkfunctions provided by the 3GPP network

In the embodiment described in FIG. 24, the edge configuration server(ECS) 2430 performs functions necessary for the edge enabler client 318to connect to the edge enabler server 2424. The edge configurationserver 2430 provides advance information about the edge configurationinformation to the edge enabler client 318. The edge configurationinformation is the information necessary for the edge enabler client 318to connect to the edge enabler server 2424 and the information forestablishing a connection with the edge enabler server 2424.

In the embodiment described in FIG. 24, an application client 316 is anapplication program installed and operating in the UE 310. In theembodiment described in FIG. 24, the edge application server (EAS) 2422performs functions of a server in the edge hosting platform in the edgedata network 2420 or in the edge hosting environment. The applicationclient 316 is connected to an available service in the edge applicationserver 2424.

FIG. 25 illustrates a process of determining an authentication method bya terminal and an AAF in the case where a plurality of authenticationmethods are provided in a wireless communication system according tovarious embodiments. FIG. 25 also encompasses an embodiment in which anauthentication method uses authentication and key management forapplication (AKMA) provided by a 5G core (5GC) network.

In the embodiment in FIG. 25, UE 2521 corresponds to the UE 310 in theembodiment in FIG. 24. Referring to FIG. 25, UE 2521 has an edge enablerclient (EEC) 2522 and a communication processor (CP) 2523 therein. TheCP 2523 is a device inside the UE 2521, which implements a radiointerface for accessing 5G access and 5G core networks and LTE accessand evolved packet core (EPC) networks, and includes a modem functiontherein. The CP 2523 in the UE 2521 accesses an EPC network or a 5GCnetwork.

In step 2501 a , the CP 2523 performs registration to an EPC 2524. Aregistration request message of the CP 2523 may include information ofEPC-AKA authentication. In step 2501 a , the CP 2523 of the UE 2521performs an initial attach procedure to the EPC 2524 network. In step2501 a , the UE 2521 and the EPC 2524 network perform anEPC-authentication and key agreement (AKA) authentication procedure.

Alternatively, the UE 2521 performs a registration procedure to a 5GC2525 network in steps 2501 b-1 and 2501 b-2.

In step 2501 b-1, the CP 2523 performs registration to the 5GC 2525. Aregistration request message of the CP 2523 may include information onat least one of 5GC-AKA authentication or non-3GPP AKA authentication.5GC-AKA or extensible authentication protocol (EAP)-AKA authenticationis performed during the registration procedure to the 5GC 2525 network.

In step 2501 b -2, the 5GC 2525 performs UE configuration update. A UEconfiguration update message may include at least one of an ECS address,an AAF address, and an AKMA key availability. After successfulregistration to the 5GC 2525 network, the 5GC 2525 network transmitsinformation on an edge configuration server (ECS) 2527 through the UEconfiguration update procedure. In step 2501 b -2, an access andmobility management function (AMF) of the 5GC 2525 may transmit, to theCP 2523 of the UE 2521, information on whether or not an AKMA key usedfor ECS authentication is available.

In step 2502, the CP 2523 transmits, to the EEC 2522, information on theCN-type and AKMA key availability. The CP 2523 that has successfullyregistered to the EPC 2524 network or the 5GC 2525 network transmits, tothe EEC 2522, information indicating that access to the EPC 2524 or the5GC 2525 is successful. In this case, the CP 2523 may transmit, to theEEC 2522, information on the successful accessed 3GPP core network (CN)type (CN-type). The 3GPP core network type information may be 3GPP corenetwork types such as EPC 2524 and 5GC 2525. In addition, the CP 2523may further transmit, to the EEC 2522, information on the authenticationmethod performed in the EPC 2524 and 5GC 2525 networks and informationon the credential available for the CP 2523. The information on theauthentication method may be EPC-AKA, 5GC-AKA, or EAP-AKA, and theavailable credential information may include an AKMA credential, an AKMAauthentication method, and a certificate. In the case where AKMA isavailable for the CP 2523, the CP 2523 may assign a new AKMA key ID forgenerating an authentication key of the EEC 2522, and may generate anAKMA key corresponding to the AKMA key ID. The AKMA credential generatedby the CP 2523 may be transmitted to the EEC 2522. Another method ofreceiving the AKMA key credential from the CP 2523 by the EEC 2522 isthat the EEC 2522 transmits, to the CP 2523, information including anEEC ID, an ECS ID associated with the EEC 2522, or an identifier of anedge computing service provider (ECSP), and the CP 2523 generates a newAKMA ID including an EEC ID, an ECSP identifier, and ECS information inresponse to the request of the EEC 2522. The CP 2523 may transmit thenew AKMA key ID and AKMA key to the EEC 2522.

In step 2503, the UE 2521 determines “CN-type” and “AKMA support”. Instep 2503, the EEC 2522 in the UE 2521 derives an availableauthentication method from the information received from the CP 2523 inthe UE 2521. For example, in the case where the CP 2523 has performedregistration to the 5GC 2525, information indicating that the AKMA isavailable may be derived. The CP 2523 may transmit information onwhether the AKMA is supported through a procedure of registration to the5GC 2525 network or a security mode command (SMC) procedure, and mayreceive information indicating that the 5GC 2525 supports the AKMA froman AMF or AUSF of the 5GC 2525. The CP 2523 may determine whether or notto support the AKMA through the capability information exchangeprocedure described above. If it is determined that the AKMA isavailable, the CP 2523 may transmit such information to the EEC 2522 inthe same manner as step 2502, and the EEC 2522 may recognize whether ornot the AKMA is supported. In step 2503, the EEC 2522 in the UE 2521 maydetermine whether or not the accessed 3GPP core network type (CN-type)information and a possible authentication method are available. Based onthis information, the EEC 2522 may select an available authenticationmethod for performing EEC 2522 authentication and authorizationprocedures.

In step 2504, the EEC 2522 transmits a provisioning request message tothe ECS 2527. The provision request message may include information onat least one of an EEC ID, a GPSI, a PLMN ID, a CN-type, and supportedEEC authentication methods. In step 2504, the EEC 2522 transmits aprovisioning request message to the ECS 2527 using the address of theECS 2527 (corresponding to the ECS 2430 in the embodiment in FIG. 24),which is preset in the EEC 2522. The provisioning request message mayinclude information on at least one of an EEC 2522 identifier, a GPSI, aserving PLMN ID, a home PLMN ID, a 3GPP core network type (CN-type), anda list of available authentication methods for the EEC 2522. The ECS2527 receiving the provisioning request message in step 2504 identifiesa security credential included in the provisioning request message, anddetermines whether or not authentication has been made. As to theauthentication provision message that does not include an appropriatesecurity credential, the ECS 2527 may determine to redirect the messageto the AAF 2526, thereby performing authentication. The ECS 2527, whichhas determined the redirection to the AAF 2526, may transmit, to the EEC2522, a preset list of EEC authentication methods available for the AAF2526. In addition, the ECS 2527 transmits, to the EEC 2522, informationincluding an address of the AAF 2526, an indicator indicating thatredirection is necessary, and the reason for performing the redirection.The reason for performing the redirect may include an indicatorindicating that EEC authentication/authorization is required orinformation indicating that the security credential included in the ECS2527 is not appropriate.

In step 2505, the ECS 2527 transmits a provisioning response message tothe EEC 2522. The provisioning response message may include informationon at least one of an AAF address, a redirect request, supported EECauthentication methods, and MNO authentication requisition. In step2505, the EEC 2522 receives the provisioning response message. Theprovision response message received by the EEC 2522 includes an AAFaddress, a redirect request, an indicator indicating that EECauthentication/authorization is required, and an authentication methodsupported by the AAF 2526.

In step 2506, the EEC 2522 selects an authentication method. The EEC2522 in the UE 2521 has information on whether or not to provide amethod of authentication using a credential for authentication stored inthe EEC 2522 (e.g., a certificate and a secret key for the EEC 2522) orusing an input directly received from a user through a user interface,as well as the authentication method received from the CP 2523. In thecase where a plurality of EEC authentication methods are provided asdescribed above, the EEC 2522 may determine the authentication methodaccording to priority for authentication methods, which is defined inthe EEC 2522 through preconfiguration. Alternatively, the priority forauthentication methods may be changed by user setting. The EEC 2522 mayselect one suitable authentication method, or may select multipleauthentication methods. If the EEC 2522 is currently connected to the3GPP core network in step 2502, and if the EEC 2522 receives anindicator indicating that MNO authentication is required in step 2505,the EEC 2522 must select the authentication method through the 3GPP corenetwork. For example, such an authentication method may be a generalbootstrapping architecture (GBA) authentication method using AKAauthentication in the EPC 2524 network, AKMA authentication in the 5GC2525 network, an AKMA method for application layer authentication, andthe like. In addition, it may be an HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)AKA method using application layer protocol. Alternatively, in the casewhere the ECS 2527 is an edge computing service provider, instead of amobile communication service provider, the provision response message instep 2505 may include information on the edge computing serviceprovider, and if the EEC 2522 has authentication information identifiedby the identifier of the edge computing service provider, the EEC 2522may select an authentication method through the information on the edgecomputing service provider.

In step 2507, the EEC 2522 transmits an EEC 2522authentication/authorization request message to the AAF 2526. The EEC2522 authentication/authorization request message may includeinformation on at least one of an EEC 2522 ID, a GPSI, a PLMN ID, andsecurity credential identifiers (e.g., an AKMA key ID, a GBA, an ID-PW,a certificate, and the like). In step 2507, the EEC 2522 transmits, tothe AAF 2526, an EEC authentication/authorization request messageaccording to the authentication method selected in step 2506. The EECauthentication/authorization request message may include an identifierof the UE 2521 {e.g., a generic public subscription identity (GPSI)}, anidentifier of the EEC 2522 (EEC ID), a current serving PLMN identifier,and a home PLMN identifier. In addition, the EEC 2522 may transmit, tothe AAF 2526, a list of security credentials currently available for theUE 2521. The EEC 2522 may transmit, to the AAF 2526, a list of availablecredentials or identifiers of available security credentials.Alternatively, the EEC 2522 may transmit a list of supportedauthentication methods. The available credential identifiers may includeinformation on at least one of, for example, AKMA key identifiers, GBAidentifiers, GBA request indicators, support/non-support for ID-PWauthentication, and certificates.

In step 2508, the AAF 2526 determines the EEC 2522authentication/authorization method. In step 2508, the AAF 2526 mayreceive a plurality of authentication methods supported by the EEC 2522and security credential identifiers, and may determine theauthentication method through information configured in the AAF 2526 andinformation on whether or not to support interworking with a 3GPPnetwork.

For example, if one or more of the following conditions are satisfied,the AAF 2526 may determine the AKMA authentication method as the EECauthentication method.

1. The EEC 2522 is currently connected to a 3GPP core network.

2. The EEC 2522 received an indicator indicating that the AKMA issupported, or received an AKMA key identifier.

3. The AAF 2526 is capable of interworking with the AAnF that providesan AKMA key generation function in a 3GPP 5GC network identified by ahome PLMN identifier received from the EEC 2522.

4. It was confirmed that AKMA key generation is supported through anNEF.

Alternatively, if one or more of the following conditions are satisfied,the AAF 2526 may select the GBA authentication method as the EECauthentication method.

1. The GBA is supported in the home PLMN network identified by a homePLMN identifier.

2. The EEC 2522 is currently connected to a 3GPP core network, and theconnected network is an EPC network.

3. The EEC 2522 is capable of interworking with a GBA server.

4. An indicator indicating that a client function for GBA interworkingis available was received from the UE 2521.

In step 2509, the AAF 2526 transmits, to the EEC 2522, an EEC 2522authentication/authorization response message. The EEC 2522authentication/authorization response message may include information onat least one of a selected EEC 2522 security credential ID and aselected authentication method. In step 2509, the AAF 2526 transmits theEEC authentication method determined in step 2508 to the EEC 2522.

If the security credential identifier to be used in the EECauthentication method is selected, the AAF 2526 transmits the selectedsecurity credential identifier (ID) to the EEC 2522 in step 2509.

The UE 2521 transmits an EEC authentication request according to thedetermined authentication method. If the determined authenticationmethod is an AKMA method, the UE 2521 generates an AKMA key and an AKMAkey identifier. The AKMA key may be generated by making a request to theCP 2523. In order to generate the AKMA key, the EEC 2522 may generate anAKMA key and an AKMA key identifier by further including an EEC ID, anECSP identifier, and an indicator for identifying an edge computingservice therein. The newly generated AKMA key may be used to verifymessages between the EEC 2522 and the AAF 2526. The EEC 2522 transmits amessage to the AAF 2526 in step 2510 using the newly generated AKMA key.

In step 2510, the EEC 2522 transmits an EEC authentication/authorizationrequest message to the AAF 2526. The EEC authentication/authorizationrequest message may include information on at least one of an EEC ID, aGPSI, a PLMN ID, an AKMA key ID, and an AKMA authentication code (MAC).In step 2510, the AAF 2526 receives an authentication request messagefrom the EEC 2522. The authentication request message may includeinformation on at least one of an EEC ID, a GPSI, a PLMN ID, an AKMA keyID, and an authentication code authenticated with the AKMA key.

In step 2511, the AAF 2526 discovers a SGNF (i.e., an AAnF address)serving as the AKMA key ID. The AAF 2526 discovers an NEF or AAnFaddress of the 5GC 2525 network, which is preset for each PLMN.Alternatively, the AAF 2526 may discover the AAnF through the AANFaddress or routing information to the AAnF included in theauthentication request message transmitted by the EEC 2522.

In step 2512, the AAF 2526 transmits an AKMA key derivation requestmessage to the 5GC 2525. The AKMA key derivation request message mayinclude information on at least one of a GPSI and an AKMA key ID. Instep 2512, the AAF 2526 transmits an AKMA key derivation request messageto the 5GC 2525.

In step 2513, the 5GC 2525 transmits an AKMA key derivation responsemessage to the AAF 2526. The AKMA key derivation response message mayinclude information on at least one of an EEC ID, a GPSI, a PLMN ID, aCN-type, and an AF key. The 5GC 2525 derives an AKMA key from an AKMAkey ID, an ECSP identifier, a GPSI, and an AUSF key corresponding to asubscriber using information indicating an ECSP identifier, an EEC ID,and the like, as parameters. In step 2513, the 5GC 2525 transmits thederived AKMA key to the AAF 2526.

In step 2514, the AAF 2526 performs verification. The AAF 2425 receivingthe AKMA key from the 5GC 2525 network verifies the AKMA authenticationcode received in step 2510.

In step 2515, the AAF 2526 transmits, to the 5GC 2525, a request messagefor an edge computing-related profile (e.g., a GPSI). If theverification is successful, the AAF 2526 makes a direct request to theUDM in the 3GPP 5GC 2525 network for edge computing-related information.The AAF 2526 may transmit a request for edge computing-relatedinformation via an NEF in the 5GC 2525 network.

In step 2516, the 5GC 2525 transmits a response message including anedge computing-related profile to the AAF 2526. The AAF 2526 receivesedge computing-related subscriber information from the 5GC 2525 network.The edge computing-related subscriber information may include at leastone piece of the following information.

1. Edge computing service profile identifier

2. Edge computing service profile index

3. At least one of subscriber category information and subscriber level

4. Information on whether user subscribes to edge computing service

5. List of S-NSSAIs and DNNs licensed by edge computing service provider(ECSP)

6. List of S-NSSAIs or DNNs licensed for edge computing purposes

7. List of ECSP identifiers under edge computing agreement

8. Application profile:

8-1. Information on minimum and maximum latency between UE 2521 and edgeapplication server (EAS) in application layer

8-2. Information on transfer rate in application layer: maximum transferrate and average transfer rate

8-3. Required computing resource information: maximum and averageperformance of CPU/GPU, CPU/GPU type, and required memory and storagesize

9. List of S-NSSAIs and DNNs that satisfy application profile conditions

10. S-NSSAIs and DNNs, application profile information satisfied byS-NSSAIs and DNNs, or application profile index for predefinedapplication profile conditions

In step 2517, the AAF 2526 performs generation of an access token withthe edge computing-related profile. The AAF 2526 may generate the accesstoken, based on the edge computing profile information received from the3GPP core network. The access token for edge computing access includesat least one piece of the following information.

1. Token issue date

2. Expiration time

3. Application profile index

4. Subscription level

5. Subscription category

6. 3GPP core network operator PLMN identifier

7. Information on ECSP or PLMN that issued token

8. Information on S-NSSAIs and DNNs available for edge computing in EEC2522

9. Token issuer's signature: The signature is an authentication codecapable of verifying the content of the token and is generated using theissued AKMA key.

The issued edge computing access token may be encrypted using the AKMAkey.

In step 2518, the AAF 2526 transmits an EEC authentication/authorizationresponse message to the EEC 2522. The EEC authentication/authorizationresponse message may include information on at least one of anauthentication result and an access token. The edge computing accesstoken issued in step 2517 is transmitted to the UE 2521 together withthe authentication result in step 2518.

After step 2518, the EEC 2522 may decrypt the transmitted access tokenusing the AKMA key. In addition, when interworking with the ECS 2527(corresponding to the ECS 2430 in the embodiment in FIG. 24) and the EES(corresponding to the EES 2424 in the embodiment in FIG. 24) later, theEEC 2522 may use the access token. In addition, if an application clientof the UE 2521 requests a slice, the EEC 2522 may make a request foraccess to a designated slice specified in the access token. If anapplication client requests a specific slice, but the edge computingprofile information allowed in the access token received by the EEC 2522does not include the information on the specific slice requested by theapplication client, the EEC 2522 may reject the request for generating anew slice by the application client. If the application client requeststhe use of a specific DNN or generation thereof, the EEC 2522 identifieswhether or not the access token includes information about the specificDNN. If the information on the specific DNN is not included in theallowed DNN information, the EEC 2522 may reject the request for the useof the specific DNN or the generation thereof requested by theapplication client. Alternatively, the EEC 2522 may provide a service tothe application client using a DNN other than the specific DNNrequested.

Methods disclosed in the claims and/or methods according to variousembodiments described in the specification of the disclosure may beimplemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware andsoftware.

When the methods are implemented by software, a computer-readablestorage medium for storing one or more programs (software modules) maybe provided. The one or more programs stored in the computer-readablestorage medium may be configured for execution by one or more processorswithin the electronic device. The at least one program may includeinstructions that cause the electronic device to perform the methodsaccording to various embodiments of the disclosure as defined by theappended claims and/or disclosed herein.

The programs (software modules or software) may be stored innon-volatile memories including a random access memory and a flashmemory, a read only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmableread only memory (EEPROM), a magnetic disc storage device, a compactdisc-ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVDs), or other type opticalstorage devices, or a magnetic cassette. Alternatively, any combinationof some or all of them may form a memory in which the program is stored.Further, a plurality of such memories may be included in the electronicdevice.

In addition, the programs may be stored in an attachable storage devicewhich may access the electronic device through communication networkssuch as the Internet, Intranet, Local Area Network (LAN), Wide LAN(WLAN), and Storage Area Network (SAN) or a combination thereof. Such astorage device may access the electronic device via an external port.Further, a separate storage device on the communication network mayaccess a portable electronic device.

In the above-described detailed embodiments of the disclosure, anelement included in the disclosure is expressed in the singular or theplural according to presented detailed embodiments. However, thesingular form or plural form is selected appropriately to the presentedsituation for the convenience of description, and the disclosure is notlimited by elements expressed in the singular or the plural. Therefore,either an element expressed in the plural may also include a singleelement or an element expressed in the singular may also includemultiple elements.

While the disclosure has been shown and described with reference tovarious embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled inthe art that various changes in form and details may be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as definedby the appended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. An operation method of a user equipment (UE) in awireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting, to aserver, a first message comprising at least one of information relatedto the UE or a type of user agent; performing an authenticationprocedure for an edge computing service according to an authenticationmethod determined based on the first message; receiving a second messageindicating authority granted to the edge computing service, based on anauthentication code generated by the server according to the performedauthentication procedure; and using the edge computing service in arange corresponding to the granted authority.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the authentication method comprises at least one of anauthentication method based on a USIM credential, an authenticationmethod based on a user portal, an authentication method based on acredential generated using the information related to the UE, or anauthentication method based on transmission of a one-time password(OTP).
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein if the authentication methoddetermined based on the first message corresponds to an authenticationmethod based on a USIM credential, the performing of the authenticationprocedure comprises: receiving, from the server, a message includingrandom number information and an authentication token necessary for theUE to perform an authentication procedure; and identifying whether ornot the authentication token included in the received message matches anauthentication token generated by the UE.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein, if the authentication method determined based on the firstmessage corresponds to an authentication method using a user portal, theperforming of the authentication procedure comprises: displaying ascreen for inputting authentication credential information, based on amessage for inputting the authentication credential information receivedfrom the server; detecting an input of the authentication credentialinformation; and transmitting the authentication credential informationto the server, and wherein the authentication credential informationcomprises at least one of a user identification (ID) or a password. 5.The method of claim 1, wherein if the authentication method determinedbased on the first message corresponds to an authentication method basedon a credential generated using the information related to the UE, theperforming of the authentication procedure according to theauthentication method comprises: receiving, from the server, a requestmessage comprising random number information generated by the server;generating a message authentication code (MAC), based on at least onepiece of the random number information included in the received requestmessage or the information related to the UE; transmitting a responsemessage including the MAC to the server; and receiving theauthentication code from the server, based on verification of the MACincluded in the response message.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein ifthe authentication method determined based on the first messagecorresponds to an authentication method based on transmission of aone-time password (OTP), the performing of the authentication procedurecomprises: receiving an OTP from the server; receiving, from the server,a request message comprising random number information generated by theserver; generating a message authentication code (MAC), based on atleast one of piece of the random number information included in thereceived request message, a value of the received OTP, or theinformation related to the UE; transmitting a response message includingthe MAC to the server; and receiving the authentication code from theserver, based on verification of the MAC included in the responsemessage.
 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:receiving, from the server, an authentication code generated by theserver; transmitting a request message for requesting an access token tothe server, the request message comprising the authentication code; ifthe access token is generated based on the authentication code,receiving a response message including the access token from the server;and if the access token is not generated based on the authenticationcode, receiving a response message comprising information indicating areason for rejecting the generation of the access token from the server.8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting a requestmessage for requesting authorization for the edge computing service,wherein the request message comprises an access token generated based onthe authentication code, and wherein the receiving of the second messagecomprises, based on a determination that a verification of the accesstoken is successful, receiving the second message comprising informationon an edge computing service permitted according to the informationrelated to the UE.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: basedon a determination that the verification of the access token has failed,receiving a response message comprising information indicating a reasonfor failure of the verification of the access token.
 10. An operationmethod of a server for authorization for an edge computing service, themethod comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a firstmessage comprising at least one of information related to the UE or atype of user agent; performing an authentication procedure according toan authentication method determined based on the first message;transmitting, to the UE, an authentication code generated according tothe performed authentication procedure; and transmitting a secondmessage indicating authority granted to the edge computing service,based on the authentication code, wherein the edge computing service isused by the UE in a range corresponding to the granted authority. 11.The method of claim 10, wherein the authentication method comprises atleast one of an authentication method based on a USIM credential, anauthentication method based on a user portal, an authentication methodbased on a credential generated using the information related to the UE,or an authentication method based on transmission of a one-time password(OTP).
 12. A user equipment (UE) device in a wireless communicationsystem, the device comprising: a transceiver; and at least one processorconnected to the transceiver, wherein the at least one processor isconfigured to: transmit, to a server, a first message comprising atleast one of information related to the UE or a type of user agent,perform an authentication procedure for an edge computing serviceaccording to an authentication method determined based on the firstmessage, receive a second message indicating authority granted to theedge computing service, based on an authentication code generated by theserver according to the performed authentication procedure, and use theedge computing service in a range corresponding to the grantedauthority.
 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the authentication methodcomprises at least one of an authentication method based on a USIMcredential, an authentication method based on a user portal, anauthentication method based on a credential generated using theinformation related to the UE, or an authentication method based ontransmission of a one-time password (OTP).
 14. The device of claim 12,wherein if the authentication method determined based on the firstmessage corresponds to an authentication method based on a USIMcredential, in order to perform the authentication procedure, the atleast one processor is further configured to: receive, from the server,a message including random number information and an authenticationtoken necessary for the UE to perform an authentication procedure; andidentify whether or not the authentication token in the received messagematches an authentication token generated by the UE.
 15. The device ofclaim 12, wherein if the authentication method determined based on thefirst message corresponds to an authentication method using a userportal, in order to perform the authentication procedure, the at leastone processor is further configured to: display a screen for inputtingauthentication credential information, based on a message for inputtingthe authentication credential information received from the server,detect an input of the authentication credential information, andtransmit the authentication credential information to the server, andwherein the authentication credential information comprises at least oneof a user identification (ID) or a password.
 16. The device of claim 12,wherein if the authentication method determined based on the firstmessage corresponds to an authentication method based on a credentialgenerated using the information related to the UE, in order to performthe authentication procedure, the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: receive, from the server, a request message comprisingrandom number information generated by the server; generate a messageauthentication code (MAC), based on at least one piece of the randomnumber information included in the received request message or theinformation related to the UE; transmit a response message including theMAC to the server; and receive the authentication code from the server,based on verification of the MAC included in the response message. 17.The device of claim 12, wherein if the authentication method determinedbased on the first message corresponds to an authentication method basedon transmission of a one-time password (OTP), in order to perform theauthentication procedure, the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: receive an OTP from the server; receive, from the server,a request message comprising random number information generated by theserver; generate a message authentication code (MAC), based on at leastone piece of the random number information included in the receivedrequest message, a value of the received OTP, or the information relatedto the UE; transmit a response message including the MAC to the server;and receive the authentication code from the server, based onverification of the MAC included in the response message.
 18. The deviceof claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configuredto: receive, from the server, an authentication code generated by theserver; transmit a request message for requesting an access token to theserver, the request message comprising the authentication code; if theaccess token is generated based on the authentication code, receive aresponse message including the access token from the server; and if theaccess token is not generated based on the authentication code, receivea response message comprising information indicating a reason forrejecting the generation of the access token from the server.
 19. Thedevice of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: transmit a request message requesting authorization forthe edge computing service, the request message comprising an accesstoken generated based on the authentication code; and in order toreceive the second message, based on a determination that a verificationof the access token is successful, receive the second message comprisinginformation on an edge computing service permitted according to theinformation related to the UE.
 20. The device of claim 19, wherein theat least one processor is further configured to, based on adetermination that the verification of the access token has failed,receive a response message comprising information indicating a reasonfor failure of the verification of the access token.